The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required knowledge and skills, the range statement and the assessment guidelines for this Training Package.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

The evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria of this unit and include demonstration of:

developing an appropriate lesson plan based on performance/assessment of training objectives

identifying potential threats and errors, including those associated with simulation of abnormal or emergency procedures or aircraft mishandling by trainee, and planning suitable countermeasures

pre-flight briefing covering all aspects of the training event being undertaken including Threat and Error Management issues

implementing hand-over/take-over procedures for control of aircraft

intervening where appropriate to assist trainee's progress or to maintain flight safety

recording and debriefing of training events

managing Pilot-in-command (PIC) responsibilities

maintaining situational awareness whilst providing instruction

applying Crew Resource Management (CRM) principles

debriefing significant details of trainee's performance including any Threat and Error Management issues encountered

recording results for the flight and post-flight administration in accordance with workplace procedures

reviewing and reflecting on instructional performance

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Performance is demonstrated consistently over a period of time and in a suitable range of contexts

Resources for assessment include:

a range of relevant exercises, case studies and/or other simulated practical and knowledge assessment, and/or

access to an appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace

In both real and simulated environments, access is required to:

relevant and appropriate materials and equipment, and

applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals

Method of assessment

Assessment of this unit must be undertaken by a registered training organisation

As a minimum, assessment of knowledge must be conducted through appropriate written/oral tests

Practical assessment must occur:

through activities in an appropriately simulated environment at the registered training organisation, and/or

in an appropriate range of situations in the workplace

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

This describes the essential knowledge and skills and their level required for this unit.

Required knowledge:

Relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders

Relevant sections of national and state or territory regulatory requirements and codes of practice

Relevant OH&S and environmental procedures and regulations

Instruction, questioning, engaging and motivating learners

Performing and learning complex skills including cognitive and developmental issues and observational learning

Cognitive basis of airmanship, situational awareness, captaincy, prioritisation, load shedding and decision making

Rate of learning, enforced automaticity and the foundations of expertise

Instructor professionalism including interpersonal skills, implications of being a role-model, self-reflection and self-managed professional development

Effective use of a course of training, curricula/syllabus and lesson plans

Training and assessment standards

Debriefing and feedback techniques

Transfer of control (hand-over/take-over or follow-through) drills and procedures

Principles of flight

Crew Resource Management (CRM) principles

Techniques for introducing tasks in manageable segments to avoid overloading a trainee and principles for integrating task segments

Appropriate use of scenario-based training in flight instruction

Application of risk management principles to emergency procedure simulations in flight

Checklists for single pilot or multi-crew operations as applicable

Common student errors and suggested suitable remedial instruction

Operational concept of Threat and Error Management in relation to flight training in terms of:

managing threats

managing errors

managing undesired aircraft state

Procedures and strategies for developing trainee Threat and Error Management skills

Task prioritisation system to assist the development of trainee task management skills in terms of:

aircraft control

navigation

communication

Suitable procedures for making decisions in-flight and for developing trainee decision making skills

Goal fixation effects on good decision making

Three types of stress likely to affect trainee performance and methods of assisting trainees to cope with stress:

physical

physiological

psychological

Requirements for completing relevant documentation

Principles, purpose and location of controls, monitoring devices, and systems

Procedures to be followed in the event of an emergency

Required skills:

Demonstrate procedures and manoeuvres to the required skill level while giving effective flight instruction

Demonstrate effective briefing and de-briefing skills to a representative range of trainees

Demonstrate appropriate level of responsibility for student progress and welfare

Communicate effectively with others when conducting flight training

Conduct timely assessment of learning and performance

Evaluate instructional effectiveness and develop strategies for continuous improvement

Readily identify errors in the performance of flight manoeuvres and suggest a variety of effective strategies for improvement

Manage an environment that fosters learning

Demonstrate flight instructor role modelling

Apply Crew Resource Management (CRM) skills applicable to flight training and the role of the instructor in assisting the trainee to develop these skills

Maintain levels of situational awareness and methods of developing and monitoring trainee situational awareness skills in terms of:

monitoring current environmental factors

evaluating their possible effects on the flight

anticipating the need for alternative actions

Read and interpret instructions, regulations, procedures and other information relevant to flight training

Interpret and follow operational instructions and prioritise work

Complete documentation related to flight training

Adapt appropriately to cultural differences in the workplace, including modes of behaviour and interactions with others

Promptly identify, report and/or rectify any problems that may occur when conducting flight training in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

Apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate hazards that may exist during flight training

Monitor work activities in terms of planned schedule

Modify activities dependent on differing workplace contingencies, situations and environments

Work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self others, or damage to goods or equipment

Adapt to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

Select and use required personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to industry and OH&S standards

Implement OH&S procedures and relevant regulations

Identify and correctly use equipment required to conduct flight training

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance.

Flight training, using a suitable training aircraft or approved synthetic flight trainer, leads to the issue of a:

flight crew licence

rating or endorsement

Flight training and aircraft operation are conducted in accordance with:

regulatory requirements

safe operational practices

administrative procedures associated with authorising and recording flight training and maintaining training records

Approved flight simulator includes:

full motion simulator

flight training device

synthetic training device

virtual reality training system

single, multiple or team operator simulator

simulator

part-task simulator

desktop simulator

operating system

associated simulator computer hardware and software

Workplace procedures may include:

company procedures

enterprise procedures

organisational procedures

standard operating procedures

manufacturers guidelines

established procedures

workplace instructions

in Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions

Suitable flight training resources may include:

aircraft

approved flight simulator

debriefing rooms

classrooms

Environmental conditions may include:

weather

hazards and threats such as power lines and masts

terrain

birds/wildlife

other airspace operations

Instructional techniques may include:

demonstrate, direct and monitor

follow me through

Trainee's cognitive load may be affected by:

lack of preparation

physical discomfort

anxiety

fatigue

unreasonable expectations

apathy

impatience

inadequate demonstration

task complexity

inadequate opportunity to practice

inadequate fault analysis

information overload

outside pressures

Training events may include:

aircraft sorties

simulator sessions

Significant details of trainee's performance may include:

strengths

deficiencies

remedial actions

self-awareness and insight

self-management

Relevant stakeholders may include:

management staff

instructional staff

maintenance staff

logistics staff

administrative staff

trainee