Elements describe the essential outcomes. | Performance criteria describe the performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. |
1 | Calculate heat mixtures involving water equivalent, change of phase, and feed heating | 1.1 | Key terms associated with heat transmission are explained |
1.2 | Heat transfer is calculated between liquids and solids using water equivalent |
1.3 | Flow is differentiated from non-flow heating and cooling processes |
1.4 | Effects of superheating and sub-cooling on steam plant efficiency are outlined |
1.5 | Mass balance throughout a steam plant cycle is constructed and effects of pressure and temperature on cycle efficiency are analysed |
2 | Determine fluid properties of steam | 2.1 | Relationship between saturated and superheated steam, including dryness fraction, is explained |
2.2 | Regions on a temperature/enthalpy diagram are constructed and identified |
2.3 | Steam tables are used to determine fluid properties |
2.4 | Changes of enthalpy throughout a system are identified |
2.5 | Operating principles and application in steam plants of throttling, separating and combined throttling, and separating calorimeters are explained |
2.6 | Calorimeters are applied to determine dryness fraction of steam |
3 | Calculate boiler efficiency and boiler water density | 3.1 | Efficiency of saturated and superheated steam boilers is calculated |
3.2 | Where loss of efficiency occurs is shown |
3.3 | Concept of parts per million for density of boiler water is explained |
3.4 | Changes in boiler water density due to contaminated feed are calculated |
3.5 | How acceptable dissolved solids and water levels may be maintained in a boiler is shown |
4 | Determine steam turbine velocity | 4.1 | Principles and differences between pressure and velocity changes in reaction and impulse steam turbines are explained |
4.2 | Velocity diagrams to calculate steam velocity at exit of nozzles and blades are applied |
4.3 | Graphical and mathematical methods to determine blade angle, steam velocity, thrust, power, and efficiency of single stage impulse and reaction steam turbines are applied |
5 | Calculate calorific value and the air fuel ratio for solid and liquid fuels | 5.1 | Elements and compounds present in fuel and the products of combustion are evaluated |
5.2 | Air/fuel ratio, gravimetric and volumetric analysis are explained |
5.3 | Chemical equations for combustion elements and compounds are developed and elements of combustion are analysed |
5.4 | Bomb calorimeter is used to find calorific value of a fuel |
5.5 | Formula to calculate calorific value of a fuel from mass analysis of fuel is applied |
5.6 | Air required for combustion is calculated |
6 | Calculate thermal expansion | 6.1 | Coefficient of linear expansion and its significance to different materials is explained |
6.2 | Clearances and shrunk fit allowances are calculated |
6.3 | Stresses generated with restricted expansion are calculated |
6.4 | Volumetric expansion of solid and liquids, and allowance required for fluid expansion in tanks and systems is calculated |
7 | Apply gas law equations | 7.1 | Compression and pressure ratio is explained and related to combined gas law equation |
7.2 | Combined gas law equation is applied to constant volume and constant pressure processes |
7.3 | Specific gas constant of a gas or mixture of gases is calculated |
7.4 | Differentiation is made between specific heat of gases, ratio of specific heats, work and change in internal energy |
7.5 | Changes in internal energy associated with specific heat of gases, ratio of specific heats and work are calculated |
8 | Calculate gas conditions, work and thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines | 8.1 | Processes associated with expansion and compression of gases are explained |
8.2 | Gas conditions and index of compression at end of each process are determined |
8.3 | Work formula is derived for each process and derived formula is applied to calculate work and power per cycle |
8.4 | Air standard cycle is applied to determine amount of fuel consumed and work produced by an internal combustion engine |
8.5 | Differentiation is made between air standard efficiency and thermal efficiency |
8.6 | Thermal efficiency of engine cycles is calculated |
9 | Perform calculations related to refrigeration and air conditioning cycles | 9.1 | Pressure/enthalpy diagram is applied to describe the refrigeration cycle |
9.2 | Importance of superheating and under-cooling in determining stability and well-functioning of refrigeration systems is explained |
9.3 | Properties and hazards of refrigerants used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems are identified |
9.4 | Refrigeration tables are applied to calculate refrigeration effect, cooling load and coefficient of performance |
9.5 | Basic air conditioning cycles are explained |
9.6 | Wet and dry bulb temperatures are explained |
9.7 | Humidity conditions are determined using psychrometric charts |
10 | Solve heat transfer problems involving flat plates and thin cylinders | 10.1 | Different forms of heat transfer are identified |
10.2 | Heat flow through composite flat plates using thermal conductivity is calculated |
10.3 | Interface temperatures of composite flat layers are calculated |
10.4 | Radial conduction of heat through a thin cylinder is calculated |
11 | Solve problems related to single and multi stage air compression | 11.1 | Pressure–volume diagram is applied to describe operating cycle of reciprocating compressors |
11.2 | Work done by constant pressure, isothermal processes and polytropic processes in reciprocating compressors is calculated |
11.3 | Effect of clearance volume on efficiency of reciprocating compressors is explained |
11.4 | Volumetric efficiency and free air discharge in reciprocating compressors is calculated |
11.5 | Volume, mass flow and temperature are calculated at completion of each process in reciprocating compressors |
11.6 | How inter-cooling and after-cooling affects overall efficiency of reciprocating compressors is explained |
11.7 | Quantity of cooling water required by reciprocating compressors is calculated |
12 | Perform calculations related to engine power and heat balances | 12.1 | Indicator and timing diagrams for internal combustion engines are plotted |
12.2 | Formula is applied to solve problems related to indicated power of internal combustion engines |
12.3 | Formula is applied to solve problems related to brake power of internal combustion engines |
12.4 | Morse test is applied to determine the indicated power of internal combustion engines |
12.5 | Tabular and graphical heat balance diagrams are applied to calculate mechanical, thermal and overall efficiencies of internal combustion engines |