Elements describe the essential outcomes. | Performance criteria describe the performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. |
1 | Apply principle of statics to determine forces in structures, connections, support systems, and trusses in two and three dimensions | 1.1 | Bows notation is applied to solve problems related to trusses |
1.2 | Individual loads are computed using method of sections |
1.3 | Forces in three-dimensional structures are calculated |
2 | Calculate friction torque in plate and cone clutches | 2.1 | Laws of friction are applied to develop formulae, using uniform wear, to find the torque in a plate and cone clutch |
2.2 | Laws of friction are applied to develop formulae, using uniform pressure, to find the torque in plate and cone clutches |
2.3 | Power to overcome friction in plate and cone clutches using uniform wear and uniform pressure formulae is computed |
3 | Calculate displacement, velocity and acceleration in cams, engine mechanisms and gear systems | 3.1 | Velocity and acceleration diagrams are applied to illustrate relative velocity and acceleration |
3.2 | Output of epicyclic gears is calculated by applying relative velocity and acceleration theory |
3.3 | Inertia loads are calculated using piston velocity and acceleration equations |
4 | Analyse forces and couples to balance reciprocating machinery | 4.1 | How primary force balance is obtained is graphically illustrated |
4.2 | Relationship between complete balance and dynamic balance is explained |
4.3 | Reciprocating piston acceleration formula is applied to differentiate between primary and secondary forces |
4.4 | Complete balance for a multicylinder reciprocating engine or machine is illustrated graphically using vector diagrams and computed analytically |
5 | Apply simple harmonic motion principles to solve problems in free and forced vibration | 5.1 | Differences in the terms amplitude, frequency and period are explained |
5.2 | Simple harmonic motion (SHM) equations are derived from the scotch yoke mechanism |
5.3 | Equations for displacement, velocity, acceleration and frequency in SHM are developed |
5.4 | Displacement, velocity, acceleration and frequency in SHM in a vibrating spring-mass system are determined |
5.5 | Spring constant (k) for springs in series and parallel is calculated |
5.6 | Forced vibration caused by an out-of-balance rotating mass is analysed to derive an expression for amplitude of forced vibration |
5.7 | Dangers of resonance are explained |
6 | Calculate hoop stresses in rotating rings and stresses in compound bars | 6.1 | How rotational stress is generated by centrifugal force is explained |
6.2 | Formula for hoop stress in a rotating ring is applied to calculate hoop stress and/or limiting speed of rotation |
6.3 | Stresses in compound bars subject to axial loads and/or temperature change are determined |
7 | Apply strain energy and resilience theory to determine stresses caused by impact or suddenly applied loads | 7.1 | Equation is derived to calculate strain energy in a deformed material |
7.2 | Stress in a material due to impact or dynamic loads is determined using energy equation |
7.3 | Equation to calculate stress caused by suddenly applied loads is derived |
8 | Calculate beam deflection | 8.1 | Macaulay’s method is applied to calculate beam deflection |
8.2 | Deflection of cantilever and simply supported beams is calculated using standard deflection formulae for different loads |
9 | Apply Euler's formula to find buckling load of a column | 9.1 | Effective length of a column with various end restraints is determined |
9.2 | Slenderness ratio is applied to determine the strength of columns |
9.3 | Relationship between slenderness ratio and buckling is explained |
9.4 | How buckling load for a slender column is applied (including a factor of safety) is explained |
10 | Calculate stresses | 10.1 | How to combine stress formula and calculate stress with combined loading is explained |
10.2 | Superposition is used to describe stress due to combined axial and bending stress |
10.3 | Mohr’s Circle is employed to illustrate normal and shear stress |
10.4 | Principal stress formulae are applied to explain how maximum combined normal and shear stress can be obtained |
11 | Apply thick shell formulae | 11.1 | Tangential stress distribution caused by internal and external pressure is analysed |
11.2 | Lame’s theorem is applied to describe stress in thick cylinders due to internal and external pressure |
12 | Apply continuity equation to determine changes in fluid velocity | 12.1 | Conservation of energy theory is applied to calculate pressure, head and velocity of fluids flowing through orifices |
12.2 | Volumetric and mass flow through a venturi meter is calculated |
12.3 | Forces exerted by flowing fluids either free (jet) or contained are determined, including coefficients of velocity, contraction of area and discharge |
13 | Determine changes in fluid flows through pipe systems and centrifugal pumps | 13.1 | Difference between steady and unsteady flow is clarified |
13.2 | Viscosity of fluids is analysed and difference between dynamic and kinematic viscosity is explained |
13.3 | Significance of Reynolds number in fluid mechanics is explained |
13.4 | Importance of critical Reynolds number is explained |
13.5 | Flow losses in pipes and fittings are calculated |
13.6 | Changes of velocity of liquids in a centrifugal pump are analysed and entry and exit vane angles are determined |