The Australian standard (AS2865) definition given for confined space entry is used in this Training Package, i.e.: an enclosed or partially enclosed space which - a. is at atmospheric pressure during occupancy b. is not intended or designed primarily as a place of work c. may have restricted means for entry and exit, and d. may - (i) have an atmosphere which contains potentially harmful levels of contaminant (ii) not have a safe oxygen level or (iii) cause engulfment. A confined space is determined in part by the hazards associated with a defined set of circumstances (restricted entry or hazardous atmosphere, risk of engulfment) and not just with work performed in a restricted space. In this Training Package work in a 'tight spot' which is not a confined space as defined has been referred to as a 'restricted space'. Examples of confined space include (but are not restricted to): storage tanks, tank cars, process vessels, boilers, pressure vessels, silos and other tank-like compartments open-topped spaces such as pits or degreasers pipes, sewers, shafts, ducts and similar structures shipboard spaces entered through a small hatchway or access point, cargo tanks, cellular double bottom tanks, duct keels, ballast and oil tanks and void spaces (but not including dry cargo holds). A person is deemed to have entered a confined space when their head (i.e. the breathing zone) or upper part of the body is within the boundary of the confined space. (Note that inserting an arm for atmospheric testing is not considered an entry to a confined space). Risk assessment is required prior to entry to a confined space. The risk assessment checklists may be derived from a standard or code of practice developed by the organisation to meet relevant legislation and standards. The outcomes of the risk assessment should be documented and retained. Preparation for entry to a confined space will be in accordance with AS2865, or its authorised update or replacement, and local procedures and may include as appropriate: draining blanking/blinding of lines double block and bleed of lines removal of spool piece immobilisation of any moving devices depressuring venting/purging (to a safe area) atmospheric testing and monitoring other requirements as determined by risk assessment and appropriate to the confined space as required by legislation or AS2865. Safety equipment may include: respiratory protective devices self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) long distance breathers lifting and lowering devices, safety belts, harnesses and lines safety footwear gloves coveralls intrinsically safe torches hearing protection eye protection head protection portable gas detectors and monitors intrinsically safe communication equipment incident response equipment including rescue, First Aid, and fire suppression spill kits. Confined space permit should include details of: location, description and duration of work to be done hazards that may be encountered atmospheric test and monitoring requirements and results authorisation isolation, lock out, tag out processes personal protective equipment and clothing other precautions (e.g. signs, barricades) size of work crew stand-by personnel and emergency response and rescue arrangements other requirements as determined by risk assessment and in accordance with legislative requirements and relevant Australian Standard including Appendix H of AS 2865 A 'competent person' is a person who has, through a combination of training, education and experience, acquired and skills enabling that person to correctly perform a specified task. Checks to ensure a workplace is safe include: mechanical and electrical isolations in place atmospheric testing complete and atmosphere safe process isolations complete relevant personnel informed of work and agree that it is safe and appropriate to proceed |