8) This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit. Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of safe working practices and developing engineering solution for synchronous machine problems. All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies. KS01-EG143A Synchronous machine diagnostics Evidence shall show an understanding of developing engineering solutions for synchronous machine problems to an extent indicated by the following aspects: T1 a.c. generators – construction, types and cooling encompassing: construction of stator and rotor windings rotor construction (cylindrical and salient pole) advantages of rotating field construction excitation methods cooling methods prime movers T2 a.c. generators – operating principles and characteristics encompassing: a.c. generator equivalent circuits (synchronous reactance and resistance components) tests – open circuit, short circuit, stator impedance voltage regulation, island generator’s terminal voltage load power factor determination of excitation voltage and load angle T3 Synchronising a.c. generators encompassing: conditions for synchronising (infinite bus) methods for synchronising (lamp methods, synchroscope) alternator load sharing, parallel operation T4 a.c. generators power, torque and efficiency encompassing: power input, input torque, speed power losses output power, load power factor, rotor angle, pu power efficiency performance chart interpretation T5 Voltage regulation (AVR) encompassing: need for AVR’s features of AVR’s effects of rotor inductance connections of AVRs operation of AVRs T6 a.c. generator operational stability encompassing: power output, VAR effects, rotor angle, excitation control of VAR (OLTC transformers) voltage dependant nature of stability critical clearance angle of a.c. generator stability limits T7 a.c. generator protection encompassing: restricted, unrestricted primary, back up and duplicated protection overcurrent, short circuit, differential, reverse power, load unbalance, rotor overload, loss-of-field, rotor earth fault, station earth fault, under frequency protection external fault protection T8 Induction generator encompassing: types operating principles, characteristics excitation methods losses and efficiency synchronising and paralleling T9 Three phase synchronous motors encompassing: construction – rotor, stator, windings excitation methods operating principles (equivalent circuits, synchronous impedance) hunting and stability limits power factor correction paralleling and synchronisation techniques starting methods braking methods |