8) Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills (EKAS): This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit. Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of designing transmission, sub-transmission and zone substation protection and control systems. All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies. KS01-TDS54A Power system transmission and sub-transmission protection and control Evidence shall show an understanding of designing power system transmission and sub-transmission protection and control to an extent indicated by the following aspects: T1 Feeder automation system encompassing: Function of feeder automation system and the main components Operation procedure for a remote field device from a local control station Functions of “System Control and Date Acquisition” (SCADA) (or any other relevant Data Acquisition and Control) systems and its main components SCADA system security interlocks and access restrictions SCADA system operation when switching apparatus or retrieving data via a remote access device such as; Remote Access Terminal (RAT), Dial Up Voice Annunciated System and Local Control Station Function of the main components of a local/remote control system Operation of a field devices using SCADA systems via a Remote Access Terminal (RAT), Dial Up Annunciated System and Local Control Station T2 Commissioning procedures associated with discrete protection and control systems encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the commissioning procedures Requirements for the use of commissioning manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Techniques in commissioning procedures - planning and policy, testing techniques and close out requirements T3 Design principles of Substation LV AC and DC supply systems encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory/local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements Wiring conventions, systems and labelling conventions Substation equipment identification and layout, wiring and schematic diagrams and other appropriate diagrammatic representations LV design specifications, supply requirements, electrical load assessments Substation LV system distribution requirements including: substation batteries, isolation requirements, paralleling requirements, battery chargers, DC distribution panels and control systems, AC distribution panels and control systems and Auto change-over requirements Control equipment and auxiliary relays, flags and alarms Common panel layouts T4 Design principles of Substation control systems encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory/local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements Wiring conventions, systems and labelling conventions Substation equipment identification and layout, wiring and schematic diagrams and other appropriate diagrammatic representations Control system design specifications, functions and alarms Substation control system requirements which may include: Circuit breaker control - auto reclose, pole discrepancy, anti hunting, spring charge timer over run Transformer control - parallel operations, cooling control, master/slave operation, tap changer control, alarm systems Reactive plant control systems - over voltage/under voltage, under frequency load shed, VAR control T5 Commissioning procedures associated with distribution protection and control systems encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the commissioning procedures Requirements for the use of commissioning manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Techniques in commissioning procedures - planning, policy and testing techniques Close out requirements T6 Operation and maintenance procedures associated with voltage regulation schemes encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the operating procedures Requirements for the use of operating manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Principles of operation and operating sequences including: voltage control, VAR control, Live Bus/Dead Bus synchronising checks, tap changer principles, requirements for parallel operation, settings and grading Techniques associated with: isolation requirements, enterprise maintenance requirements, setting checks, LV injections and electrical measurements Ancillary equipment which may include transducers, Buswire schemes, tap position indicators, local/remote control systems, alarm systems Voltage regulation scheme types including electro mechanical, micro-processor or combinations of both T7 Types and applications of test equipment encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the use and application of electrical and/or electronic test equipment Types and applications of test equipment used on discrete protection scheme Techniques in the use of test equipment - electronic test equipment (Doble and Ohmnicrome, gas injection equipment, manufactures test equipment, multimeters, phase angle meters and meggers) T8 Electrical equipment associated with distribution field device protection and control schemes encompassing: Types and applications of electrical equipment - characteristics and capabilities: note examples include the following schemes, automatic circuit reclosers (ACR’s), gas switches, secondary injection tests, primary injection tests, TMR Radio’s, SCADA, remote control, overcurrent, earth fault, sensitive earth fault, inverse time curves, definite time curves, tripping, reclose, DC supplies, AC supplies and alarms T9 Circuit breaker auxiliary systems encompassing: Types and characteristics of high pressure air systems including air storage and air handling processes Types and characteristics of DC systems including battery types, charging systems, protection systems Types and characteristics of special ambient gases (SF6) systems including gas conditioning, storage and handling systems Types and characteristics of vacuum interrupters Types and characteristics of oil filled and oil handling T10 Detailed operation and setting of discrete protection systems encompassing: Earth fault protection - master earth leakage schemes, sensitive earth fault relays and schemes, residual earth fault scheme, core balance earth fault scheme, frame/structure earth leakage scheme, time graded discrimination, backup protection Overcurrent protection - feeder overcurrent protection, instantaneous overcurrent schemes, inverse timed overcurrent schemes, types and location of components of an overcurrent scheme, CT summation, time graded discrimination, backup protection Alarms and controls - auxiliary relays, voltage regulating relays, line drop compensation, gas relay types, gas relay scheme operation and setting, over temperature schemes T11 Detailed operation of interdependent protection systems encompassing: Overcurrent and earth leakage schemes including intertripping, interlocking and blocking - logic mapping, master control, elctromechanical, electronic, shading coils Pilot wire, phase comparison - opposed voltage schemes, circulating current schemes, location of components of a scheme, pilot supervisory techniques, Load shedding, voltage control, parallel operation, load rejection Busbar Protection and CB failure protection Reclose system - applications, single shot, multishot, blocking schemes, synchronisation checking T12 Detailed operation of complex protection systems encompassing: Distance - characteristics, electromechanical, electronic, impedance, mho, offset mho, switched schemes, non-switched schemes, blocking schemes, bus zone Differential, transformer differential, bus overcurrent - principles, feeder protection, transformer protection, bias systems, harmonic restraint, CT connections, bus protection, low impedance schemes, high impedance schemes, bus overcurrent schemes, generator protection, CT connections, special considerations, digital systems Types of revenue metering Applications of SCADA Complex protection systems for communications Harmonic control Point on wave switching T13 Detailed operation of fundamental test equipment encompassing: Care and safe use Operating principles Comparison of different operating principle meters used for the same purpose Accuracy and loading effects of meters - measurement of voltage, current, power, resistance, insulation resistance, impedance and phase sequence and the use of oscilloscopes T14 Detailed operation of protection test equipment encompassing: Care and safe use Operating principles Comparison of different operating principle meters used for the same purpose Accuracy and loading effects of meters - measurement of timing, voltage, current, resistance, inductance, capacitance, impedance, frequency, phase angle, phase difference and the use of primary, secondary and gas injection equipment T15 Detailed operation of control equipment test equipment encompassing: Care and safe use Operating principles Comparing of different control system methods and equipment for the same purpose - circuit breaker, isolators, On Load Tap Changer, pumps, fans, fire systems, T16 Protection schemes encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to protection schemes Types of protection schemes encompassing reasons for use, application of protection zones around system elements and degree of protection Types of feeder protection equipment - over current protection inverse time-current operating characteristics Operation of over current protection equipment used on distribution systems Operation of ACRs and their time-current characteristics Types and characteristics of over-current relays Coordination methods of a distribution feeder protection scheme Earth fault protection used on a distribution feeder Operation of a single wire earth return (S.W.E.R) system T17 Principles of transmission, sub-transmission and zone substation control and protection designs encompassing: Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, Standards, codes, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the substation design management principles Requirements for the use of the substation system construction manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings and for plans such as work method statements for the control of OHS risks Types of drawings to be produced - AC and DC circuit diagrams, panel layouts, connection diagrams, label lists and control cable schedules Types of control and protection designs parameters - protection and control systems implemented to suit statutory and organisational requirements, AC and DC circuit diagrams correct and documented SCADA hardwired and serially communicated signals, metering, load control, power factor control, AC and DC supplies, protection and control panel layouts and control cable termination diagrams |