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Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Prepare navigation documents and flight plan
2. Suitable navigation charts for intended flight are selected and prepared
3. Applicable information is obtained, analysed and applied to produce a flight plan that details tracks, distances, times and fuel requirements to reach a destination
4. Pre-flight planning is used to minimise in-flight navigational work load
5. Applicable VFR are applied to current and forecast operating conditions to determine whether planned flight can proceed
6. Hazards to navigation are marked on charts as required
7. Comply with airspace procedures
8. Applicable flight airspace restrictions and dimensions are identified
9. Air traffic clearances are obtained and compliance with them is maintained
10. Traffic, terrain and airspace separation criteria is maintained in accordance with VFR
11. Conduct departure procedures
12. Pre-flight planning and cockpit organisation is conducted to ensure charts, documentation and navigational equipment are accessible from the control seat
13. Departure administration and communication is conducted
14. Track is intercepted within five nautical miles of airfield and departure time is recorded or alternative procedures are applied as required
15. Orientation is always maintained
16. Priority is given to controlling aircraft before conducting navigation administration or communication
17. Lookout is maintained using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility and terrain
18. Local and published noise abatement requirements and curfews are observed
19. Navigate aircraft en route
20. Planned route is maintained in accordance with VFR
21. In-flight documentation and communication is completed
22. Waypoint and/or destination estimated time of arrival (ETA) are checked and revised as required
23. Search and rescue times (SARTIME) awareness is maintained and revised based on destination ETA calculations
24. Fuel consumption is monitored and reserves are revised
25. Pre-descent or navigation turning point checks are executed
26. Appropriate techniques to obtain a positive navigation fix at suitable intervals are used
27. Route, en route terrain, en route and destination weather awareness is maintained, and appropriate courses of action are implemented in accordance with changing weather conditions
28. Navigate at low level and in reduced visibility
29. Compliance with VFR is maintained during navigation at low level or in reduced visibility
30. Pre-descent and/or navigation turning point checks are executed in accordance with regulatory requirements
31. Planned route is maintained in accordance with regulatory requirements and procedures
32. In-flight documentation is completed
33. Waypoint and/or destination ETA are checked and revised as required
34. Aircraft is operated and configured to maintain minimum height above ground level (AGL) and terrain separation and remaining within visual meteorological conditions (VMC)
35. Hazards and threats to low flying navigation are identified and risk controls are implemented
    • Effects of wind velocity, false horizons, rising ground, adverse environmental conditions, and mountainous terrain are managed, and contingency actions are planned as required
    • Aircraft is configured as required for reduced visibility and low cloud base environmental and operational conditions
    • Situational awareness is maintained at all times
36. Perform lost procedure
37. Positional uncertainty is identified and recognised
38. Position is fixed and new track to destination attainable within limits of fuel and daylight is determined using recognised methods
39. Track to destination is re-established or replanned with consideration of fuel usage and reserves
40. Waypoint and/or destination ETA are checked and revised as required
41. Radio, navigation aids, transponder and air traffic control (ATC) services are used for assistance
42. A timely precautionary search and landing is planned for possible circumstances of being lost or having no fuel or no light
43. Perform diversion procedure
44. Requirement to perform diversion procedure is identified and a timely decision is made
45. Alternate acceptable aerodrome/destination is identified
46. New route is determined and established
47. Flight plan is revised considering operational information, weather, terrain, airspace and fuel available
48. Air traffic service is advised of action where possible and compliance with airspace procedures is maintained
49. SARTIME awareness is maintained and revised based on diversion destination ETA calculations and is cancelled on arrival
50. Use instrument navigation systems
51. Navigation systems are initialised and system validity checks are conducted as required
52. Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) checks are conducted as required
53. Navigation aids and systems are utilised to confirm position, track and navigation information
54. Flight plan is selected, loaded, checked and activated in aircraft navigation system
55. Navigation systems are operated in accordance with operating instructions and procedures
56. ATC radar is used for position information and tracking assistance as required
57. Waypoints and position fixes are confirmed using instrument navigation systems
58. Integrity of navigation aid/systems information is monitored and maintained
59. Execute arrival procedures
60. Arrival aerodrome, meteorological conditions and local traffic information is obtained and applied to arrival procedure plan
61. Radio communications are established and maintained
62. Aerodrome landing direction and arrival procedure suitability are determined
63. Descent point is calculated
64. Arrival and circuit procedures are conducted at destination aerodrome
65. Lookout is maintained during arrival procedure using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility and terrain
66. Aerodrome markings, lights, signals and indicators are interpreted, applied and adhered to
67. SARTIME awareness is maintained and revised based on diversion destination ETA calculations and cancelled upon arrival

Range Statement

Range is restricted to essential operating conditions and any other variables essential to the work environment.

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Performance Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements, performance criteria on at least one occasion and include:

adapting to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures adjusting aircraft performance to achieve desired timings applying air safety practices and regulations applying precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate identified hazards applying relevant aeronautical knowledge applying relevant legislation and workplace procedures calculating distance and rate of closure rates to/from ground features calculating fuel endurance carrying out dead reckoning (DR) navigation techniques communicating effectively with others completing relevant documentation determining dead reckoned position fixing aircraft position identifying and correctly using relevant equipment implementing contingency plans implementing work health and safety (WHS)/occupational health and safety (OHS) procedures and relevant regulations maintaining compliance with regulatory requirements maintaining construction, communication and execution of a traffic deconfliction plan maintaining navigation logs modifying activities depending on workplace contingencies, situations and environments monitoring and anticipating operational problems and hazards and taking appropriate action monitoring work activities in terms of planned schedule operating electronic communications equipment to required protocol performing diversion procedure planning applicable altitudes/flight levels and tracking tolerances to avoid controlled airspace prioritising work load and flight navigation tasks reading, interpreting and following relevant regulations, instructions, procedures, information and signs recognising significant variances from forecast meteorological conditions and taking appropriate actions, including issuing an air report (AIREP) reporting and/or rectifying problems, faults or malfunctions promptly, in accordance workplace procedures selecting and using appropriate navigational instrument systems and aids selecting and using required personal protective equipment conforming to industry and work health and safety (WHS)/occupational health and safety (OHS) standards sourcing and interpreting aviation weather forecast products and services appropriate to flight planning and navigation procedures working systematically with required attention to detail without injuring self or others, or damage to goods or equipment.

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Knowledge Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements, performance criteria and include knowledge of:

air navigation techniques aircraft fuel usage rates allowances for changed visual aspects of ground features at low level arrival procedures within visual meteorological conditions (VMC) basic global navigation satellite system (GNSS) principles: characteristics of different chart types aeronautical information publication (AIP) visual charts chart symbology topographic details scale representation tracks, distances and rhumb lines plotting positions: latitude and longitude bearing and distance map projections chart reading techniques circuit and circuit joining procedures computations and conversions: ground speed, distance, fuel usage airspeed, air temperature and height determine wind speed and velocity rates/gradients of climb and descent top of climb (TOPC) and top of descent (TOPD) calculations controlled airspace requirements critical point and point of no return DR navigation techniques departure procedures within VMC diversion considerations and procedures en route GNSS navigation principles en route navigation techniques factors affecting en route performance, range and endurance featureless terrain and extended over-water flight navigation techniques flight planning requirements identification by shape, dimensions, contrast and colour, and uniqueness of ground features identification of control area (CTA), control zone (CTR), prohibited, restricted and danger areas in an Australian Defence Force (ADF) context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions limitations of navigation aids/systems low level and reduced visibility navigation techniques maximum payload and minimum fuel operations pilot navigation principles: map to ground ground to map position lines ground feature selection chart selection and preparation track made good (TMG) track drift estimated time of arrival (ETA) calculation methods potential impacts of specific weather phenomena on aviation operations principles of operation of navigation aids and systems procedures for requesting clearances from and into controlled airspace radio navigation aids: identification by frequency information extracting aid information from publications aggregating errors and scalloping establishing position lines station homing and station passage establishing position fixes relevant WHS/OHS and environmental procedures and regulations relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASRs) and Civil Aviation Orders related to visual flight rule navigation time definitions and application to air navigation: local mean time coordinated universal time (UTC) local (standard) time local summer time zone conversion daylight time calculations traffic rules and procedures use of a navigational computer.

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