REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

This describes the essential knowledge and skills and their level required for this unit

Required knowledge

Navigation requirements for a night visual flight using radio selfcontained or longrange navigation systems

Navigation requirements for a night visual flight using visual reference to ground and water

Navigation tolerance for a night visual flight avoiding CTA

Requirements for positive radio fixing and the most precise track guidance

Navigation requirements for night visual flight with respect to time interval between fixes accuracy of time reference and accuracy and procedures in trackkeeping

Procedures of night visual flight in all classes of airspace when diverting from track due to navigation or weather

Compulsory reporting points for route selected

Dimensions of the significant safety sector when calculating LSALT for a route not published on a chart

Methods of calculating LSALT for a route not published on a chart

Explanation of conditions for descent below LSALT

Preflight altimeter accuracy check for a night visual flight

ATC rules and procedures

Airways clearance requirements for operating in all classes of airspace including lead time required for flight plan submission contents clearance void time and readback requirement

Airways clearance requirements for entering operating in and departing CTA and CTR including what details to provide to ATC and what details to expect from ATC

Controlled area protection

ATC requirements for a change of level in CTA including in an emergency situation

Departure climb transition to cruise levelling out cruise change of levels descent and visual approach procedures at night in CTA CTR Class G airspace and at noncontrolled aerodromes

Separation provisions between NVFR flights and IFR and VFR flights in the various classes of CTA

Separation provisions between NVFR flights and IFR and VFR flights in GAAP CTR

Radio procedures in CTA CTR Class G airspace and at noncontrolled aerodromes

Loss of radio communication procedures in CTA CTR Class G airspace and at noncontrolled aerodromes

Abnormal operations andor emergency procedures in CTA CTR Class G airspace and at noncontrolled aerodromes

Radar services that are provided by ATC

Radar vectoring procedures including radio procedures and phraseologies

Maximum permissible time interval in between ATC transmissions during radar vectoring

Radar emergency procedures including loss of radio communication radar failure transponder emergency codes and aircraft emergencies

Operation of VHF aerodrome lighting PAL

Requirements and procedure for a diversion to an alternate aerodrome

Navigation aidssystems as applicable to ratingendorsement requirements may include

NDB

Effects of coastal refraction night error thunderstorms mountainous areas types of terrain and altitude of aircraft on NDB indications or range

Methods of selecting and using the most appropriate NDB for tracking during navigation

NDB position fixing tracking techniques procedures and limitations

VOR

VOR instrument settings required to provide command indications when flying on given tracks both to and from the VOR

VOR tracking techniques procedures and limitations

DME

DME or GPS arrival procedures and limitations in all classes of airspace

DME or GPS arrival information

Pilots responsibilities when DME or GPS arrival is conducted outside controlled airspace

Conditions permitting descent below LSALT

Procedure for joining the circuit using a DME or GPS arrival

Principles of operation of DME or the GPS radio equipment

Procedures for handling loss of radio communication during a DME or GPS arrival

GPS

Principles of operation performance limitations and errors of a GPS system

Methods of position fixing using a GPS system

GPS operating procedures which provide safeguards against navigational errors and loss of situational awareness

GPS operating procedures for typical navigational tasks using a specific type of aircraft equipment

Indications of waypoint passage

GPS operational and serviceability checks

Human factors limitations associated with the use of GPS equipment

Requirements applicable to pilots and equipment for GPS operations

Parameters applicable to tracking tolerances automatic waypoint sequencing CDI sensitivity and RAIM availability

Mode of operation required during each segment of a GPSNPA the conditions required to transition to and operate in that mode and the associated CDI sensitivity and RAIM protection provided

Parameters applicable to RAIM warnings in the en route terminal and approach modes

Effect of availability or otherwise of baroaiding on RAIM availability and prediction

Effect of satellite unserviceability on the reliability of each type of prediction

Effect of each type of RAIM prediction operational requirements

Operational requirements which apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV GNSS procedure at the destination

Factors that may adversely affect the conduct of a GPSNPA and explain suitable pilot procedures to minimise such effects

Operating procedures for GNSS equipment which reduce or eliminate errors due to any of these factors

Required skills

Determine route for night visual flight with respect to forecast weather controlled airspace Prohibited Restricted and Danger Areas specified route limitations airways operational requirements and availability of published routes en route alternate aerodromes navigation aids rated coverage and radio communication

Determine whether a flight may proceed based on route aircraft equipment and night VFR navigation requirements

Calculate LSALT for a night visual flight for a route published on a chart

Calculate LSALT when uncertain of position

Apply altimetry procedures to all stages of a night visual flight

Perform the navigational functions within the parameters of the applicable regulations orders and operations manual procedures

Maintain compliance with regulatory requirements

Select and use appropriate navigational instruments and aids

Source and interpret aviation weather forecast products and services appropriate to flight planning and navigation procedures

Apply air safety practices and regulations

Recognise significant variances from forecast meteorological conditions and take appropriate actions including the issue of an AIREP

Use navigation aidssystems as applicable to ratingendorsement requirements which may include

NDB

Determine NDB station passage abeam NDB station NDB bearing the aircraft is on track error andor drift experienced from ADF relative bearing indications

Calculate track to and from the NDB given heading and relative bearings

Calculate heading to steer to intercept a new or original track to or from a NDB

Calculate heading to steer to intercept desired inbound track before reaching the NDB

Calculate relative bearing which will indicate that a desired track to or from a NDB has been intercepted given the intercept heading

Fix position given relative bearing indications utilising two NDB stations

VOR

Determine scalloping VOR station passage abeam VOR station VOR radial the aircraft is on track error andor drift experienced from VOR cockpit indications

Determine offtrack distance experienced from VOR and DME cockpit indications

Calculate the heading to steer to intercept a new or original track to or from a VOR

Fix position given cockpit instrument indications utilising two VOR stations

Fix position given instrument indications utilising combinations of VOR NDB and DME

DME

Interpret DME or GPS arrival information

GPS

Interpret typical GPS navigational displays LATLong distance and bearing to waypoint CDI

Maintain interception and maintenance of GPS defined tracks

Determine TMG GS ETA time and distance to WPT WV in flight

Recognise and take appropriate action for GPS warnings and messages

Predict RAIM availability at destination and ETA

Predict within hour before departure the availability of approach RAIM at the destination or alternate aerodrome within minutes of ETA and limitations that apply to the prediction

Apply operational requirements which apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV GNSS procedure at the destination

Communicate effectively with others when navigating an aircraft NVFR

Read and interpret instructions regulations procedures and other information relevant to navigating an aircraft NVFR

Interpret and follow operational instructions and prioritise work

Complete documentation related to navigating an aircraft NVFR

Operate electronic communication equipment to required protocol

Work collaboratively with others when navigating an aircraft NVFR

Adapt appropriately to cultural differences in the workplace including modes of behaviour and interactions with others

Promptly report andor rectify any identified problems that may occur when navigating an aircraft NVFR in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

Implement contingency plans for unexpected events that may arise when navigating an aircraft NVFR

Apply precautions and required action to minimise control or eliminate hazards that may exist while navigating an aircraft NVFR

Monitor and anticipate operational problems and hazards and take appropriate action

Monitor work activities in terms of planned schedule

Modify activities dependent on differing workplace contingencies situations and environments

Work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self others or damage to goods or equipment

Adapt to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

Select and use required personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to industry and OHampS standards

Implement OHampS procedures and relevant regulations

Identify and correctly use equipment required when navigating an aircraft NVFR

The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria required knowledge and skills the range statement and the assessment guidelines for this Training Package

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

The evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria of this unit and include demonstration of applying

the underpinning knowledge and skills

relevant legislation and workplace procedures

other relevant aspects of the range statement

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Performance is demonstrated consistently over a period of time and in a suitable range of contexts

Resources for assessment include

a range of relevant exercises case studies andor other simulated practical and knowledge assessment andor

access to an appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace

In both real and simulated environments access is required to

relevant and appropriate materials and equipment and

applicable documentation including workplace procedures regulations codes of practice and operation manuals

Method of assessment

Assessment of this unit must be undertaken by a registered training organisation

As a minimum assessment of knowledge must be conducted through appropriate writtenoral tests

Practical assessment must occur

through activities in an appropriately simulated environment at the registered training organisation andor

in an appropriate range of situations in the workplace

Tasks may be undertaken in:

Performance may be demonstrated in:

Aircraft may include:

Crew may include:

Instruments may be:

Limitations may be imposed by:

Classes of airspace may be:

Diversion requirement may include:

Operational information may include:

Navigation aids/systems may include:

Conditions may include:

Dependent on the type of organisation concerned and the local terminology used, workplace procedures may include:

Information/documents may include:

Applicable regulations and legislation may include:

Performance includes tolerances specified in either of: