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Follow the links below to find material targeted to the unit's elements, performance criteria, required skills and knowledge

Elements and Performance Criteria

  1. Select approach and determine applicable minima
  2. Current instrument approach and landing (IAL) chart for the VOR approach to be flown is selected
  3. IAL is reviewed and briefed to flight crew in relation to directing entry to the approach, lowest safe altitude (LSALT) or minimum safe altitude (MSA) is maintained prior to entry approach, and tracks, distances, timing and descent limitations are maintained for the approach
  4. Fuel availability and latest divert time procedures are enacted as required
  5. Monitor aid signal integrity
  6. VOR to be used for selected approach is tuned and identified
  7. Warning flags and course deviation indicators (CDI) are monitored throughout selected approach to ensure signal integrity
  8. Conduct initial approach
  9. Altimeter is set to appropriate QNH
  10. Aircraft is manoeuvred to holding fix on an inbound track and at or above route MSA or LSALT is maintained in accordance with aeronautical information publication (AIP) requirements, using the VOR
  11. Conduct holding pattern
  12. Aircraft holding pattern from the holding fix at or above LSALT or MSA is entered in accordance with specified sector entry
  13. Holding pattern is performed in accordance with AIP, using the VOR
  14. Conduct instrument approach procedure
  15. Altimeter QNH is updated and set prior to approach commencement
  16. Instrument approach is conducted in accordance with tolerances specified in AIP using the VOR or VOR/ DME
  17. Landing runway is identified
  18. After establishing visual reference, a visual circling or runway approach is conducted for a landing on selected runway, in accordance with AIP
  19. Conduct missed approach procedure
  20. Conditions requiring a missed approach are recognised and missed approach is initiated
  21. Aircraft is manoeuvred to missed approach point (MAPt)
  22. Missed approach procedure is conducted in accordance with the IAL chart
  23. Obstacle clearance in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) is maintained

Performance Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria on at least one occasion and include:

adapting to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

applying precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate identified hazards

applying relevant aeronautical knowledge

applying relevant legislation and workplace procedures

communicating effectively with others

completing relevant documentation

determining conditions permitting descent below minima

determining VHF omni-directional radio range (VOR) or VOR/distance measuring equipment (DME) approach procedure applicable minima for aircraft

identifying and correctly using relevant equipment

implementing contingency plans

implementing work health and safety (WHS)/occupational health and safety (OHS) procedures and relevant regulations

interpreting VOR or VOR/DME instrument approach procedure chart

modifying activities dependent on differing workplace contingencies, situations and environments

monitoring and anticipating operational problems and hazards and taking appropriate action

monitoring work activities in terms of planned schedule

operating electronic communications equipment to required protocol

performing systematic scan techniques

reading, interpreting and following relevant regulations, instructions, procedures, information and signs

reporting and/or rectifying identified problems promptly, in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

selecting and using required personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to industry and WHS/OHS standards

setting local or area barometric pressure adjusted for sea level (QNH) at appropriate stages of flight

working collaboratively with others

working systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment.


Knowledge Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria and include knowledge of:

2D instrument approach procedures and limitations:

initial approach

holding pattern

instrument approach procedure

missed approach procedures

instrument approach procedures and limitations

abnormal operations and/or emergency procedures for a VOR or VOR/DME approach, including navigation aid failure

aid signal integrity monitoring techniques

CASR Part 61 Manual of Standards Schedule 3 Aeronautical Knowledge relevant to instrument flight operations

emergency procedures

full scale range on the CDI for a LLZ

how to configure the course deviation indicator (CDI) to achieve command guidance prior to conducting a back course localiser (LLZ) approach

how to operate electronic communications equipment

loss of radio communication during a VOR or VOR/DME approach procedure

minimum obstacle clearance criteria during a VOR or VOR/DME approach procedure/missed approach procedure

navigation aid that provides track guidance for a LLZ approach

procedure for joining the circuit from a VOR or VOR/DME approach procedure

procedures for adjusting controls to optimise equipment operation

procedures for managing and controlling hazardous situations

radio procedures for a VOR or VOR/DME approach

relevant sections of national and state or territory regulatory requirements and codes of practice

relevant WHS/OHS and environmental procedures and regulations

requirements for completing relevant documentation

sector entry join procedures for entering the holding pattern of the VOR or VOR/DME approach

sources of information on differences in equipment and related standard operating and servicing procedures

steps involved in planning the work activities

tracking tolerance and altitude limitations for flying the published DME arc of a VOR or VOR/DME approach procedure.