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Elements and Performance Criteria

  1. Prepare for shoots
  2. Set up for shoots
  3. Shoot content
  4. Wrap up shoot

Required Skills

Required skills

communication and teamwork skills sufficient to

interpret creative information scripts and images

provide creative input to production planning

work collaboratively with a wide range of production staff and others during shoots including demonstrating leadership qualities

work effectively and cooperatively under direction eg of director or producer

deliver clear briefings to production staff

respond appropriately to feedback about shoots from others

negotiate solutions to problems and conflicts that arise during the process of directing camera operations

high levels of initiative enterprise and creativity in the context of

demonstrating originality and innovative approaches to realising the desired visual style and atmosphere of productions

experimenting with cinematographic and narrative conventions and styles to achieve creative outcomes

being able to balance creative and technical requirements

being flexible enough to make lastminute adjustments to planned shots if unforeseen circumstances arise during shoots

planning organising and literacy skills in the context of

analysing complex outlinesscripts to inform decision making and planning

undertaking background research to enhance understanding and appreciation of production contexts

achieving required outcomes in the most efficient way including taking account of budgetary and resource constraints

planning and organising shooting lists and activities

documenting camera plans and other work requirements

technical skills sufficient to

operate a range of professional camera and lighting equipment in a singlecamera or multicamera environment

shoot program materials at a high level using a range of film or video equipment

shoot and supervise shooting for a range of program styles

ensure correct exposures and colour balances of recorded content

use the internet for research

use standard word processing and spreadsheet applications in the context of preparing documentation in relation to devising camera coverage

selfmanagement and problem solving skills sufficient to

evaluate own contribution to creative solutions

work under pressure to tight deadlines

selfmanagement and learning skills sufficient to

locate and use resources to broaden own creative experience

work under pressure to tight deadlines

solve problems and challenges during shoots in a timely and collaborative manner

evaluate own contribution to creative solutions

Required knowledge

industry knowledge including

roles and responsibilities of personnel in the screen production industry

sound understanding of artistic and technical elements associated with productions eg staging lighting sound

issues and challenges that arise in the context of directing cinematography

features of a range of cameras and accessories

attributes of a range of film and video formats and stock

cinematographic language

preparation of shot cards and shot descriptions

production scheduling process

ways of documenting camera plans

techniques for handling cables including compatibility with other equipment

welldeveloped understanding of photographic principles such as

exposure

tonal relationships

focus

light sources

sensitivity and balancing

cameras interpretation of colour

characteristics of lenses

colour correction techniques

colour temperature and compensation

camera to subject practiceframing and composition including

lens to eyeline

jump cuts

crossing the line

matching shots

thorough understanding of

lighting techniques and equipment

editing and postproduction procedures and requirements

duty of care to colleagues and general public especially on location

occupational and public health and safety procedures particularly as they relate to lifting climbing rigs and using electrical equipment

detailed knowledge of the Recommended Safety Code for Film and Television

Evidence Required

The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria required skills and knowledge range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package

Overview of assessment

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

Evidence of the following is essential

effective direction of cinematography for productions that demonstrates an ability to

realise the desired visual style and atmosphere of productions

plan and organise shot lists for multicamera shoots

collaborate with and direct camera and lighting crews

work under direction

meet production deadlines

take account of production and resource constraints

sound knowledge of

properties of different cameras

lighting techniques

photographic principles

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Assessment must ensure

practical demonstration of skills through planning and directing cinematography for at least two different types of productions

access to a range of professional equipment currently used in the film and television industry based on items listed in the range statement

opportunities to work on singlecamera and multicamera shoots

access to appropriate learning and assessment support when required

use of culturally appropriate processes and techniques appropriate to the language and literacy capacity of learners and the work being performed

Method of assessment

A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge The following examples are appropriate for this unit

direct questioning combined with review of portfolios of evidence and thirdparty workplace reports of onthejob performance

observation of the candidate directing cinematography to assess candidates ability to achieve desired effects and to work effectively with production crews andor directors

evaluation of sequences filmed by the candidate to determine candidates ability to meet creative production requirements

written or verbal questioning to test knowledge as listed in the required skills and knowledge section of this unit

Guidance information for assessment

Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector workplace and job role is recommended for example

CUFDRTA Devise camera coverage

CUFDRT604A Devise camera coverage.


Range Statement

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included.

Production personnel may include:

camera operators, e.g. first assistant camera, second unit

costume designer

director/producer

floor manager

floor manager

gaffer

grip

heads of department

lighting director

location manager

other specialist staff

other technical staff

production manager

set designer

technical director.

Production requirements may include:

budgets

film or digital production

locations

period, e.g. historical

post-production requirements, e.g. editing style

production genre

style

timelines/deadlines.

Shoots may include:

combined video and audio function

daytime

external

fixed/supported

hand-held operation

interior

location

night time

separate video and audio record functions

single-camera

studio.

Research may include:

actual events

audience analysis in location for production

characters

cultural/historical context

environment

imagination/inspiration

life experience

locations

newspapers/magazines

notes

paintings/photographs/sketches

period

review of enterprise objectives

review of other productions, e.g. movies

settings

social analysis (current or historical).

Productions may include:

advertisements/commercials

animations

documentaries

features

interactive media

live on-stage performances

promotions/presentations

short films

television series/serials, e.g. drama

training videos.

Camera plans may include discussion of:

budget implications

camera movements

camera set-up

how creative production requirements will be met

lighting requirements

number of cameras required

OHS considerations.

personnel required

positioning of sets or other physical elements

shooting material under special conditions, e.g.:

underwater

from moving vehicles

studio and/or location constraints

timelines.

Equipment and accessories may include:

autocue monitor

batteries

cables

cameras, e.g.:

digital - digital Betacam, DVC Pro

film - Arriflex

camera supports, e.g.:

pedestal

mounts

cranes

dollies

track

tripods

spreaders

fluid heads

hotheads

microphones - fixed, pole, lapel

change bags

cue card holders

headphones

filters, e.g.:

colour correction

colour

graduated: hard-edge, soft-edge, attenuated coloured, neutral density

correction filters

ultraviolet

polarising

chromatic

non-specific colour

enhancers

lens hood

lenses, e.g.:

fixed

zoom

wide-angle

macro

micro

magazines

mobile phones

special effects equipment

talkback facility

tape recorder

two-way intercom.

Stock may include:

analogue format, e.g. Beta SP

digital tape, e.g.:

Beta

DVC Pro

mini-DV

film, e.g.:

16 mm

35 mm

HDTV

SDTV

video disks.

Shots may include:

close-up

cutaway shot

establishing or master shot

extreme close-up

eye-level shot

high-angle

long shot

low-angle

mid shot

overhead shot

point-of-view shot

wide shot

zoom.

Other participants may include:

actors

ambulance and medical staff

council staff

fire brigade

general public, e.g. studio audiences, spectators

interviewees

interviewers

journalists/reporters

performers

police

presenters.

Lighting requirements may include:

types of luminaires

architectural fixtures

digital moving (intelligent) lights

key light

fill light

back light

bounced light

effect light, e.g. on backgrounds

HMI (hydrargyrum medium arc-length iodide)

light meters.

lights and accessories, e.g.:

luminaires

floods

moving lights

gobos

interior lights

spot light

flood light

special effects units, e.g.:

electrical/electronic props

strobes, mirror balls and motors, smoke machines, fog machines,

ultraviolet light, oil and water crackers, effects projectors

theatre-based units

studio and location units

tungsten

Artistic and style needs may include:

aesthetics

camera height and distance from subject

camera position

composition

continuity

duration

framing

movement

shot type

timing.

Camera movements may include:

crab

crane rigs

dolly

pan

physical relocations/movement

tilt

track in/out

zoom in/zoom out.

Documentation may include:

camera plans

computer generated/manually written

emails/SMS

equipment and accessories lists

lighting plans

production schedules

running sheets

screenplay

scripts

shot lists.

Editing activities may include:

aspect ratios

camera videotapes

colour grading

computer disks

frame ratio and rates

retakes

rushes

script and script changes

sound effects libraries

sound tracks

tempo - duration of shots and segments

uncut film footage, e.g.:

work prints

negative prints

A and B rolls.