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Elements and Performance Criteria

  1. Prepare for a team free fall parachute descent
  2. Complete on board aircraft procedures
  3. Exit from the aircraft and descend by free fall as a member of a team
  4. Control a ram-air canopy descent
  5. Land on a drop zone
  6. Complete free fall post descent procedures

Required Skills

This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level required for this unit

Required Skills

communicate effectively

interpret instructions

prepare individual parachuting and combat equipment for military free fall parachuting

provide reports and appropriate documentation

situational awareness

Required Knowledge

activation and malfunction drills

application of problem solving procedures

canopy control techniques

controllability checks

descent emergency drills

design characteristics construction and capabilities of free fall parachutes

effect of environmental conditions on parachuting

effect of turbulence on the canopy

exit techniques

free fall positions and manoeuvres

health and safety hazards of parachuting

inspection procedureroutine

landing techniques

log books and descent folders

malfunction and emergency drills

safety checks

signs symptoms and treatment of

decompression illness

hyperventilation

hypothermia

hypoxia

stability recovery procedures

theory of flight and canopy control

verbal and nonverbal communication

Evidence Required

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

Assessment must confirm the ability to

perform at least five free fall parachute descents as part of a team carrying combat equipment by day and night onto known or designated drop zones with the descent being from an aircraft at an altitude below feet above ground level

carry as a minimum the following combat equipment or the equivalent in weight and size

individual load carrying equipment

field pack and cover

personal weapon

demonstrate the following individual free fall positions and manoeuvres to maintain relative position to other paratroopers in the team environment

box position

poised pull position

forward glide

back slide

turns left and right

hard archwide spread position

waveoff

heading maintenance

identify the team leader and other team members after activating the canopy

adopt and maintain correct position within a team stack during canopy transit

adhere to instructions and briefings including specified timings

Permitted tolerances are

achieving stability within feet of exiting the aircraft

achieving stability within feet of becoming unstable during free fall

completing exits with a deviation of no more than degrees off the aircraft heading

completing turns within degrees of the specified heading

conducting the forward glide for a minimum of seconds with no more than a degree deviation off the specified heading

free fall with a separation no greater than metres of the stack line

activating the ripcord at the planned opening height with a deviation of no more than degrees off the specified heading

under canopy maintaining a position no greater than metres up and metres to the rear of the paratrooper in front by day

under canopy maintaining a position no greater than metres up and metres to the rear of the paratrooper in front by night

landing safely within meters of the team leader by day

landing safely within metres of the team leader by night

The five descents must achieve the following standards

exit from an aircraft from the ramp as a team member at or above feet above ground level with less than seconds free fall flight followed by a team canopy transit to a designated drop zone

exit from an aircraft from the side door as a team member at or above feet above ground level with less than seconds free fall flight followed by a team canopy transit to a designated drop zone

exit from an aircraft from the side door as a team member at or above feet above ground level with greater than seconds free fall flight followed by a team canopy transit to a designated or known drop zone

exit from an aircraft from the ramp as a team member at or above feet above ground level with greater than seconds free fall flight followed by a team canopy transit to a designated or known drop zone

exit from an aircraft from the ramp as a team member at or below feet above ground level with less than seconds free fall flight followed by a team canopy transit to a designated or known drop zone

Consistency in performance

Competency must be demonstrated over a minimum of five team parachute descents carrying combat equipment supported by simulated opening problems malfunctions and other contingencies and emergencies

Assessment should be conducted in a timeframe and in a range of contexts and conditions that allows for evidence to be gathered on the correct application of free fall parachute skills and techniques as part of a team carrying combat equipment consistent with the range statement and the operating environment

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Context of assessment

Competency must be assessed during the preparation and performance of actual free fall parachute descents as part of a team carrying combat equipment although due to safety limitations assessment of the individuals response to routine problems malfunctions and other contingencies and emergencies will need to be undertaken in a simulated environment

Specific resources for assessment

Access to

aircraft with ramp and aircrew

parachutes

suitable air space

suitable land drop zone

parachute training facilities that provides adequate simulation

parachute packing facilitiesmatted undercover area

communications equipment

transport to and from airport and drop zone


Range Statement

The Range Statement relates to the Unit of Competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording in the Performance Criteria is detailed below.

Equipment may include

Combat equipment:

field pack and cover

harness equipment single point release (HESPR)

individual load carrying equipment

light stick

navigation aids

night vision equipment

personal radio

personal weapon and sling

operational sustainment requirements including:

ammunition

spare clothing and field equipment

rations

water

weapon sleeve

Parachute equipment:

altimeter

audible altitude warning device

automatic activation device

hook knife

live drop parachute and reserve parachute

personal apparel:

boots

coveralls or field uniform

gloves

goggles

helmet

Inspecting equipment for serviceability include

Servicing instruments

Setting instruments

Standard procedures may include

Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) manuals and regulations

Defence instructions and publications

Job guides, other publications

Manufacturers' handbooks, industry specifications and technical instructions

Occupational health and safety (OH&S) regulations

Operating procedures

Procedure manuals

Routine Orders

Written and verbal orders

Verbal and non-verbal communication may include

Aircraft visual and audible warning devices

Hand signals

Panels and markers

Plot boards

Radio communications

Voice commands

On board procedures may include

Fitting parachute equipment

Performing drills or procedures directed by air crew or despatchers

Safety checks

Stop drop and aborted sortie procedures

Individual safety checks may include

Arming the automatic activation device

Automatic activation device pin check

Individual and team parachute equipment in aircraft

Altitude induced conditions may include

Decompression illness

Hyperventilation

Hypothermia

Hypoxia

Team techniques to exit the aircraft may include

Team from the ramp:

in single file

in staggered file

in pairs

Team from the side door:

in single file from one side door

in single file simultaneously from two side doors

Permitted tolerances may include

Achieving stability within 1 000 feet of exiting the aircraft

Achieving stability within 1 000 feet of becoming unstable during free fall

Completing exits with a deviation of no more than 45 degrees off the aircraft heading

Completing turns within 45 degrees of the specified heading

Conducting the forward glide for a minimum of 5 seconds with no more than a 45 degree deviation off the specified heading

Free fall within a distance no greater than 25 metres of the stack line

Activating the ripcord at the planned opening height with a deviation of no more than 45 degree off the specified heading

Under canopy, maintaining a position no greater than 25 metres up and 25 metres to the rear of the paratrooper in front, by day

Under canopy, maintaining a position no greater than 50 metres up and 50 metres to the rear of the paratrooper in front, by night

Landing safely within 25 metres of the team leader by day

Landing safely within 50 metres of the team leader by night

Situational awareness may include

Monitoring altitude/height

Monitoring the position of team members, other teams and other paratroopers

Orientation to target, aircraft and other paratroopers

Individual and team free fall positions and manoeuvres may include

Back slide

Box position

Delta position

Forward glide

Hard arch/wide spread position

Heading maintenance

Poised pull position

Team manoeuvres - single and in pairs

Slow fall

Fast fall

Turns left and right

Wave-off

Activation malfunctions may include

A high speed malfunction:

bag lock

complete malfunction

floating ripcord handle

hard pull

horseshoe malfunction

pilot chute in tow

premature release of the three rings

streamer

A low speed malfunction:

brake lock

broken steering line

broken suspension line

line over

pilot chute over front cell

rip or tear in canopy

slider hang-up above the cascades

two canopies flying

Routine opening problems may include

End cell closure

Slider hang up below the cascades

Pilot chute hesitation

Premature brake release

Twists

Canopy control and manoeuvre techniques may include

Flying mode:

full brakes

full glide

front riser/trim tab

half brakes

rear riser

Stalls:

steady state

dynamic

Turns:

half brake depression

half brake fly off

full brake

full glide

front riser

rear rise

Controllability checks include checking

If canopy requires more than 50% opposite toggle to counter a turn

If canopy stalls/collapses after conducting left or right 90 degree full glide turn

If canopy stalls prior to 50% brakes

Malfunction drills apply when

Canopy is deemed uncontrollable

Support equipment may include

Communications equipment

Navigation aids

Contingency and emergency situations may include

Collisions:

in free fall

under canopy

Combat equipment moving or coming undone

Emergency abandoning of aircraft

Entanglements

Loss of stability on exit or in free fall

Tumbling and somersaulting during free fall

Uncontrolled or involuntary turns in free fall

Drop zone marking and wind indicators may include

Alphanumeric marker panels

Geographic features

Smoke

Streamers and flags

Wind sock

Target approach techniques may include

High wind approach

Standard approach

Environmental conditions may include

Turbulence:

variable altitude

variable temperatures

variable weather conditions

Wind:

high

low

Emergency landings may include landing in or on

Buildings

Trees

Vehicles

Water

Wire

Drop zone may include

Known or designated

Open country

Post descent de servicing may include

Cleaning parachute and equipment

Inspecting parachute and equipment, and identifying faults

Rectifying or reporting defects with the parachute and/or combat equipment in accordance with standard procedures

Reviewing performance may include

Obtaining feedback from supervisors and individuals on parachuting performance and taking corrective action

Viewing video of flight and correcting faults

Documentation may include

Descents folder

Paratrooper log card