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Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Set up bridge equipment
   • Bridge equipment is initialised and displays are set up and maintained
   • Operational performance and accuracy of bridge equipment is confirmed and appropriate action is taken when performance is out of limits
   • Any false echoes and misrepresentations are detected, identified and rejected
2. Use radar to safely navigate
   • Radar is operated according to manufacturer instructions to produce data on position of vessel, other vessels and fixed objects
   • Radar plot is constructed on radar plotting sheet and automatic plotting devices are initialised
   • Systematic radar observations of vessels in the vicinity are made and risk of collision is determined
   • Radar data is used to obtain a position fix for vessel using electronic bearing lines and variable range markers
   • Radar bearings are corrected for vessel heading and compass error as appropriate
   • Adjustments are made to vessel course and speed to maintain safety of navigation
   • Manoeuvring signals are made at appropriate time according to regulations
3. Use bridge equipment to safely navigate
   • Bridge equipment is safely and efficiently used to conduct navigation of vessel
   • Position of vessel is monitored during voyage to ensure planned passage is followed
   • Movements of vessels in the vicinity are monitored to ensure collision situations do not occur
   • Adjustments are made to vessel course and speed to maintain safety of navigation
   • Manoeuvring signals are made at appropriate time according to regulations
   • Bridge equipment is maintained according to manufacturer requirements and organisational procedures
4. Maintain navigational records
   • Navigational data produced by bridge equipment that should be retained to conform with organisational procedures and regulatory requirements is identified
   • Navigational data is stored electronically or in hard copy as required by organisational procedures and regulatory requirements
   • Security and access requirements for data are adhered to according to organisational procedures

Required Skills

Required Skills

Clearly and concisely communicate at all times in a seamanlike manner

Correctly interpret and analyse information obtained from radar and automatic radar plotting aids ARPA taking into account the limitations of equipment and prevailing circumstances and conditions

Correctly interpret information received from other bridge equipment and apply appropriate corrections

Determine latitude by meridian altitude

Make adjustments to vessel course and speed to maintain safety of navigation

Make decisions to amend course or speed in a timely manner according to accepted navigation practice

Make manoeuvring signals at the appropriate time according to International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea as amended

Plan and conduct celestial observations using a sextant and plot a position

Take action to avoid close encounter or collision according to International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea as amended

Required Knowledge

ARPA system performance and accuracy tracking capabilities limitations and processing delays

Course and speed of other vessels

Critical echoes exclusion areas and trial manoeuvres

Detecting course and speed changes of other vessels

Detection of misrepresentation of information false echoes sea and rain clutter etc racons and search and rescue transponders SARTs

Effect of changes in own vessel course and speed or both

Factors affecting performance and accuracy of radar and other navigational equipment

Fundamentals of radar and ARPA

Ground and sea stabilisation and their effects on ARPA data

Identification of critical echoes

International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea as amended

Meeting overtaking vessels

Methods of position fixing using celestial observations with a sextant

Methods of target acquisition and their limitations

Parallel indexing

Plotting techniques and relative and truemotion concepts

Principal types of ARPA their display characteristics performance standards and the consequences of over reliance on ARPA

Range and bearing by radar

Sea and ground stabilisation and their effect on ARPA data

Setting up and maintaining displays on radar

Time distance and bearing of closest point of approach of a closing vessel

True and relative vectors graphic representation of target information and danger areas

Use of operational warnings and system tests

Work health and safety WHSoccupational health and safety OHS requirements and work practices

Evidence Required

The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria the required skills and knowledge the range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package
Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit	The evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the Elements Performance Criteria Required Skills Required Knowledge and include attention to appropriate level of detail in recordkeeping ensuring currency of relevant legislative and regulatory knowledge
Context of and specific resources for assessment	Performance is demonstrated consistently over time and in a suitable range of contexts Resources for assessment include access to industryapproved marine operations site where using bridge equipment may be conducted tools equipment and personal protective equipment currently used in industry relevant regulatory and equipment documentation that impacts on work activities range of relevant exercises case studies andor other simulated practical and knowledge assessments appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace In both real and simulated environments access is required to relevant and appropriate materials and equipment applicable documentation including workplace procedures regulations codes of practice and operation manuals
Method of assessment	Practical assessment must occur in an appropriately simulated workplace environment andor appropriate range of situations in the workplace A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge The following examples are appropriate to this unit direct observation of the candidate using bridge equipment direct observation of the candidate applying relevant WHSOHS requirements and work practices
Guidance information for assessment	Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector workplace and job role is recommended In all cases where practical assessment is used it should be combined with targeted questioning to assess Required Knowledge Assessment processes and techniques must be appropriate to the language and literacy requirements of the work being performed and the capacity of the candidate

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Range Statement

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below.
Bridge equipment may include:	ARPA Automatic identification systems Automatic pilot Azimuth mirrors and other bearing measurement devices Bridge alarm systems Chronometer Electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) Echo sounder Differential satellite navigation systems Doppler and electro-magnetic speed logs Integrated navigation systems Loran C navigation systems Magnetic and gyro compasses including rate of turn gyro Navigation light systems Radar Satellite navigation systems Sextant Signalling devices Voyage data recorders
Misrepresentations may include:	Compass errors False echoes Incorrect radar settings for heading marker and range marker Incorrect setting up of electronic chart system (ECS) or ECDIS Incorrect setting up of satellite navigation systems Satellite and differential satellite navigation system errors Sea and rain clutter returns
Navigational data may include:	Navigation safety warning Recording of courses steered Weather and oceanographic reports

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