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Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Apply principle of statics to determine forces in structures, connections, support systems, and trusses in two and three dimensions
   • Bow’s notation is applied to solve problems related to trusses
   • Individual loads are computed using method of sections
   • Forces in three-dimensional structures are calculated
2. Calculate friction torque in plate and cone clutches
   • Laws of friction are applied to develop formulae, using uniform wear, to find the torque in a plate and cone clutch
   • Laws of friction are applied to develop formulae, using uniform pressure, to find the torque in plate and cone clutches
   • Power to overcome friction in plate and cone clutches using uniform wear and uniform pressure formulae is computed
3. Calculate displacement, velocity and acceleration in cams, engine mechanisms and gear systems
   • Velocity and acceleration diagrams are applied to illustrate relative velocity and acceleration
   • Output of epicyclic gears is calculated by applying relative velocity and acceleration theory
   • Inertia loads are calculated using piston velocity and acceleration equations
4. Analyse forces and couples to balance reciprocating machinery
   • How primary force balance is obtained is graphically illustrated
   • Relationship between complete balance and dynamic balance is explained
   • Reciprocating piston acceleration formula is applied to differentiate between primary and secondary forces
   • Complete balance for a multicylinder reciprocating engine or machine is illustrated graphically using vector diagrams and computed analytically
5. Apply simple harmonic motion principles
6. to solve problems in free and forced vibration
   • Differences in the terms amplitude, frequency and period are explained
   • Simple harmonic motion (SHM) equations are derived from the scotch yoke mechanism
   • Equations for displacement, velocity, acceleration and frequency in SHM are developed
   • Displacement, velocity, acceleration and frequency in SHM in a vibrating spring-mass system are determined
   • Spring constant (k) for springs in series and parallel is calculated
   • Forced vibration caused by an out-of-balance rotating mass is analysed to derive an expression for amplitude of forced vibration
   • Dangers of resonance are explained
   • Transmissibility factor to calculate frequency and spring rate are applied
7. Calculate hoop stresses in rotating rings and stresses in compound bars
   • How rotational stress is generated by centrifugal force is explained
   • Formula for hoop stress in a rotating ring is applied to calculate hoop stress and/or limiting speed of rotation
   • Stresses in compound bars subject to axial loads and/or temperature change are determined
8. Apply strain energy and resilience theory to determine stresses caused by impact or suddenly applied loads
   • Equation is derived to calculate strain energy in a deformed material
   • Stress in a material due to impact or dynamic loads is determined using energy equation
   • Equation to calculate stress caused by suddenly applied loads is derived
9. Calculate beam deflection
   • Macaulay’s method is applied to calculate beam deflection
   • Deflection of cantilever and simply supported beams is calculated using standard deflection formulae for different loads
10. Apply Euler's formula to find buckling load of a column
    • Effective length of a column with various end restraints is determined
    • Slenderness ratio is applied to determine the strength of columns
    • Relationship between slenderness ratio and buckling is explained
    • How buckling load for a slender column is applied (including a factor of safety) is explained
11. Calculate stresses
    • How to combine stress formula and calculate stress with combined loading is explained
    • Superposition is used to describe stress due to combined axial and bending stress
    • Mohr’s Circle is employed to illustrate normal and shear stress
    • Principal stress formulae are applied to explain how maximum combined normal and shear stress can be obtained
    • Principal stress equation is applied to calculate maximum combined shear and normal stress
12. Apply thick shell formulae
    • Tangential stress distribution caused by internal and external pressure is analysed
    • Lame’s theorem is applied to describe stress in thick cylinders due to internal and external pressure
13. Apply continuity equation to determine changes in fluid velocity
    • Conservation of energy theory is applied to calculate pressure, head and velocity of fluids flowing through orifices
    • Volumetric and mass flow through a venturi meter is calculated
    • Forces exerted by flowing fluids either free (jet) or contained are determined, including coefficients of velocity, contraction of area and discharge
14. Determine changes in fluid flows through pipe systems and centrifugal pumps
    • Difference between steady and unsteady flow is clarified
    • Viscosity of fluids is analysed and difference between dynamic and kinematic viscosity is explained
    • Significance of Reynolds number in fluid mechanics is explained
    • Importance of critical Reynolds number is explained
    • Flow losses in pipes and fittings are calculated
    • Changes of velocity of liquids in a centrifugal pump are analysed and entry and exit vane angles are determined

Required Skills

Required Skills

Assess own work outcomes and maintain knowledge of current codes standards regulations and industry practices

Explain advanced principles of marine mechanics

Identify and apply relevant mathematical formulas and techniques to solve advanced problems related to marine mechanics

Identify and interpret numerical and graphical information and perform complex mathematical calculations such as determining hoop stresses in rotating rings and stresses in compound bars

Identify collate and process information required to perform complex calculations related to marine mechanics

Impart knowledge and ideas through verbal written and visual means

Read and interpret written information needed to perform complex calculations in marine mechanics

Use calculators to perform complex mathematical calculations

Required Knowledge

Angular and linear motion

Centre of gravity

Conservation of energy theorem

Factor of safety

Force

Inertia force

Joint efficiency factor

Laws of motion

Momentum

Nature and laws of friction

Polygon of forces

Pressure vessels

Reactions

Simple harmonic motion

Stress and strain

Thin cylinder theory

Turning moment

Vector diagrams

Work health and safety WHSoccupational health and safety OHS requirements and work practices

Evidence Required

The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria the required skills and knowledge the range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package
Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit	The evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the Elements Performance Criteria Required Skills Required Knowledge and include making accurate and reliable calculations solving problems using appropriate laws and principles
Context of and specific resources for assessment	Performance is demonstrated consistently over time and in a suitable range of contexts Resources for assessment include access to industryapproved marine operations site where advanced principles of marine mechanics can be applied diagrams specifications and other information required for performing advance calculations related to marine mechanics technical reference library with current publications on advanced marine mechanics tools equipment and personal protective equipment currently used in industry relevant regulatory and equipment documentation that impacts on work activities range of relevant exercises case studies andor other simulated practical and knowledge assessments appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace In both real and simulated environments access is required to relevant and appropriate materials and equipment applicable documentation including workplace procedures regulations codes of practice and operation manuals
Method of assessment	Practical assessment must occur in an appropriately simulated workplace environment andor appropriate range of situations in the workplace A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge The following examples are appropriate to this unit direct observation of the candidate applying advanced principles of marine mechanics direct observation of the candidate applying relevant WHSOHS requirements and work practices
Guidance information for assessment	Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector workplace and job role is recommended In all cases where practical assessment is used it should be combined with targeted questioning to assess Required Knowledge Assessment processes and techniques must be appropriate to the language and literacy requirements of the work being performed and the capacity of the candidate

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Range Statement

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below.
Dangers may include:	Catastrophic failure due to physical limitations of machines being exceeded as determined by their susceptibility and resistance to vibrations Violent swaying motions
Different loads may include:	Concentrated Distributed Combined

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