The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. |
Radiation hazards may include: | internal exposure following inhalation and/or ingestion of radioactive dust or vapourinternal exposure to alpha radiation from inhaling radioactive gas external exposure to gamma radiation from radioactive materialsexposure to direct or unattenuated x-ray, neutron or gamma radiation beamsexposure following spills of solutions containing radionuclides |
Degree of risk may involve: | type and energy of radiation to be used (i.e. alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, neutron)whether work tasks involve routine, well-established or newly developed proceduresduration of work tasksproximity of radiation sourcespotential internal exposure when using unsealed sourcesselection of specific isotopes for technical tests or proceduresuse of radiation equipment that is not fully enclosed |
Health effects may include: | deterministic effectsstochastic effects |
Occupational dose limits may include: | effective doseannual equivalent dose for the eye, skin, and hands or feet pregnant workersyoung workershigher values in exceptional or special circumstances approved by the appropriate authority |
Radiation protection principles may include: | hierarchy of control measures, including:avoiding exposure, where practicableisolating sources of radiation where practicable through shielding, containment and remote handling techniquesengineering controls, such as local exhaust ventilation to remove contaminants from work area, and dust suppressionadopting safe work practices, including work methods which make appropriate use of time, distance and shielding to minimise exposurewhere other means of controlling exposure are not practicable, using approved PPEdesignation of controlled or supervised areas within workplaces with appropriate working rules for each, such as:controlled exposure timeslogging of personnel on entry and exit |
Specified safe working rules will vary according to the organisation and assigned task and may include: | details of expected hazards and radiation levels in work arearadiation management planprocedures and equipment for preventing or minimising occupational, environmental and public radiation exposure during assigned work tasksstandard operating procedures covering work tasks, equipment and decontaminationrequirements for personal monitoringsteps to be taken in the event of an emergency |
Personal protective equipment may include: | safety helmets, safety goggles/face shields, gloves, overalls, safety boots, and hearing protectionrespirators or HEPA filter masks, and dust masks |
Personal monitoring may include: | observation of personnel conducting work tasks while applying recommended contamination and radiation dose control measurespersonal radiation monitor (film, TLD, OSL, and electronic)personal dust and/or gas monitorlocating contamination on personnel |
Required standards of personal hygiene and behaviour may include: | washing or showering on completion of work tasks or prior to eating or drinkingcollection and laundry of soiled clothescollecting and managing non-reusable gloves, masks, outer clothing and wasteavoiding careless or reckless actions that may endanger self or others |
Required records may include: | work rosters and scheduleslog in and log out of controlled areasprevious work records involving radiation exposuredetails of defects in plant, equipment or procedures that may compromise radiation protection and safetydetails of involvement in radiation incidents and accidents |
Emergency response procedures may include: | emergency contact informationinstructions for:keeping exposures to a minimumappropriate first responsemoving to muster point/evacuationobtaining information to assist with assessing the cause of the incident, accident or emergency |
Radiation incidents may include: | exposure of unauthorised personnel entering a controlled areaexposure of authorised personnel due to:failure to follow required safe working rulesmalfunction of ventilation or dust suppression equipmentmalfunction of PPEleakage or dispersion of contaminants following processing plant or equipment breakdown or damage to storage containersspill of liquid radionuclidesdiscovery of previously unrecognised contamination of vehicles, clothing, equipment, food or water |
Radiation protection safety standards, codes and guidelines may include: | Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) radiation protection series publications, such as:RPS No.1 Recommendations for Limiting Exposure to Ionizing Radiation (1995) and National Standard for Limiting Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation (republished 2002)RPS No.7 Recommendations for Intervention in Emergency Situations Involving Radiation Exposure (2004)requirements of commonwealth, state and territory legislation, such as radiation protection legislationdefinition of a responsible person |