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Elements and Performance Criteria

  1. Consolidate understanding of functional movement.
  2. Inform clients of importance of functional movement.
  3. Recognise and analyse client functional movement.
  4. Consider static posture.
  5. Implement functional exercise strategies.
  6. Consolidate understanding of functional movement.
  7. Inform clients of importance of functional movement.
  8. Recognise and analyse client functional movement.
  9. Consider static posture.
  10. Implement functional exercise strategies.

Performance Evidence

Evidence of the ability to complete tasks outlined in elements and performance criteria of this unit in the context of the job role. This must include period(s) totalling at least eight hours comprising at least five different client contact sessions, and:

observe and analyse functional movement capacity for at least five clients in line with accepted movement and technique standards incorporating the following for each client:

at least three functional movements

movement and exercise observation in the following movement patterns and scenarios:

push

pull

squat

lunge

rotate

overhead press

overhead pull

with and without equipment

loaded and unloaded

identification of joint mobility or movement restrictions against typical range of movement for major joint complexes, with consideration of:

joint movement

muscle action

passive range

active range

functional range

joint and muscle interactions

stability of major joint complexes, relevant to the client’s needs, level of risk and experience

balance and coordination, relevant to the client’s needs, level of risk and experience

a variety of functional movement measurement tools to support dynamic posture analysis:

flexometer

goniometer

plumb line

grid

plurimeter

pressure biofeedback unit

photographic technology

video analysis

tape measure

identify each client’s capacity to activate and achieve good muscle function in all of the following muscle groups, using at least three muscle activation exercises per client:

core abdominals

glutes

hamstrings

hip flexors

rotator cuff

chest

back

modify incorrect client exercise technique and poor dynamic posture of at least three clients

explain and document functional movement observations and encourage a healthy posture for all clients:

identified posture, movement, strength and neuromuscular deviations, limitations and imbalances

significance of results for exercise programming, technique and prevention of injury

precautions to exercise relevant to functional movement observations and client risk status, in accordance with industry guidelines or guidance from medical or allied health professionals where applicable

recommend appropriate exercise strategies to clients to promote functional movement and reduce the likelihood of injury, in accordance with functional movement observations and client risk status, including the following strategies:

flexibility

functional strength training

proprioception development

education to develop correct exercise techniques or daily living postures.


Knowledge Evidence

Demonstrated knowledge required to complete the tasks outlined in elements and performance criteria of this unit:

legislative obligations and organisational policies and procedures in relation to:

duty of care

work health and safety/occupational health and safety

confidentiality of client information

professional ethics

appropriate collection and storage of client information

the relationship between injury, injury prevention and the following postural variances:

structural and functional variances

kyphosis

rounded shoulders

winging of scapula

increased or decreased lordosis

excessive posterior or anterior pelvic tilt

scoliosis

genu varum or genu valgum

increased pronation of foot or ankle complex

increased supination of foot or ankle complex

hyperextension of knees

lateral tilt of pelvis or head

forward head posture

rotated patella

ideal postural alignment:

normal spinal curves

straight line running though:

ear lobe

anterior shoulder joint

vertebral bodies of L1-5

posterior hip joint

anterior knee joint

anterior ankle joint

transverse abdominus

pelvic floor muscles

relationship of poor posture and risk of injury and muscular deficits:

diminished muscle strength or endurance

increased muscle tension/tone

limited flexibility

limited function

postural influences affecting dysfunctional movement patterns and exercise technique

typical range of movement for major joint complexes

deviations in posture or functional limitations at commencement, during, at completion of exercise or movement:

asymmetrical muscle tone

spinal curvature – lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis

scapula setting:

winging of scapula

anterior tipping/tilting

upward/downward rotation

pelvis position:

anterior/posterior

rotation

knee alignment:

varus/valgus

foot alignment:

internal/external rotation

pronation/supination

forward head

sitting/standing/supine

locomotive gait – walking, jogging, running

role of muscles in contractions:

agonist/prime mover

antagonist

fixator

assistor/synergist

causes of poor posture:

congenial abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

poor muscle strength

poor muscle endurance

muscle imbalance

lack of mobility

damage to bony structures

damage to connective tissue including ligaments and cartilage

muscle activation, correct execution, and teaching points for primal functional movement patterns:

push

pull

squat

lunge

rotate

overhead press

overhead pull

role of muscle activation in functional movement and exercise performance:

muscle sensory reception

reciprocal inhibition

normal range of movement for major joint complexes

characteristics of balance and balance exercise:

base of support

centre of gravity

limits of stability

components of balance maintenance

variation of stance

variation of surfaces or equipment

balance disturbance

progression of balance exercises

characteristics of coordination and agility:

fine motor skills

gross motor skills

hand-eye skills

progression of coordination or agility exercises

changes to centre of gravity caused by:

pregnancy

overweight

inappropriate footwear

behaviours

work practices

sport or leisure activities

industry endorsed scope of practice for a personal trainer

industry endorsed pre-exercise screening and risk stratification protocols

role of medical or allied health professionals for referral or guidance

reasons for referral to an appropriate medical or allied health professional:

pain upon presentation to initial session/induction

history of uncontrolled/unresolved pain

abnormal/inconsistent pain patterns which may point towards a pathology

pain during movement or exercise

static postural deviations

an inability to correct static or dynamic posture

restricted joint range of movement, strength imbalance or balance, stability or coordination concern that is limiting function

a diagnosed muscle, bone or joint problem with medical or allied health advice that the problem could be made worse by participating in physical activity/exercise

identified through industry endorsed pre-exercise screening and risk stratification.