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Follow the links below to find material targeted to the unit's elements, performance criteria, required skills and knowledge

Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Consolidate understanding of injury prevention.
   • Source and access information on injury prevention relevant to prevention of recurrence or development of secondary injuries.
   • Source and analyse data on common injuries for clients using fitness services.
   • Use knowledge of injury prevention strategies in day-to-day professional practice.
   • Discuss/explain how understanding of injury prevention strategies contribute to safe/optimum technique and skill development.
   • Use a wide range of terminology relevant to injury prevention and fitness outcomes.
2. Analyse client risk of injury.
   • Conduct pre-exercise screening using industry endorsed screening protocols.
   • Review client history of injury, fitness level and risk factors that may lead to injury or complications for specific fitness activities.
   • Observe and analyse client movement and exercise capacity against accepted movement analysis and exercise technique standards.
   • Determine need for further functional evaluation and refer client to appropriate allied health professional as required.
3. Develop and implement injury prevention strategies.
   • Analyse various exercises, exercise techniques and fitness activities in relation to injury risk.
   • Develop injury prevention strategies in consultation with client, and appropriate allied health professional as required.
   • Explain injury prevention strategies to client.
   • Use preventative strategies in fitness instruction, programming and provision of advice to minimise likelihood of client injury.
   • Monitor client progress and seek guidance from, or provide feedback to, allied health professional as required.
   • Adjust preventative measures and interventions in response to ongoing client monitoring.
   • Maintain client records of injury prevention strategies.
4. Update knowledge of injury trends and prevention.
   • Evaluate own professional performance and identify potential improvements for future implementation of injury prevention strategies.
   • Identify and use opportunities to update and expand own knowledge of injury trends, preventative measures and interventions.
   • Monitor response to changes made to own professional practice or instruction.
   • Continue to adjust own practice to optimise results.
5. Consolidate understanding of injury prevention.
   • Source and access information on injury prevention relevant to prevention of recurrence or development of secondary injuries.
   • Source and analyse data on common injuries for clients using fitness services.
   • Use knowledge of injury prevention strategies in day-to-day professional practice.
   • Discuss/explain how understanding of injury prevention strategies contribute to safe/optimum technique and skill development.
   • Use a wide range of terminology relevant to injury prevention and fitness outcomes.
6. Analyse client risk of injury.
   • Conduct pre-exercise screening using industry endorsed screening protocols.
   • Review client history of injury, fitness level and risk factors that may lead to injury or complications for specific fitness activities.
   • Observe and analyse client movement and exercise capacity against accepted movement analysis and exercise technique standards.
   • Determine need for further functional evaluation and refer client to appropriate allied health professional as required.
7. Develop and implement injury prevention strategies.
   • Analyse various exercises, exercise techniques and fitness activities in relation to injury risk.
   • Develop injury prevention strategies in consultation with client, and appropriate allied health professional as required.
   • Explain injury prevention strategies to client.
   • Use preventative strategies in fitness instruction, programming and provision of advice to minimise likelihood of client injury.
   • Monitor client progress and seek guidance from, or provide feedback to, allied health professional as required.
   • Adjust preventative measures and interventions in response to ongoing client monitoring.
   • Maintain client records of injury prevention strategies.
8. Update knowledge of injury trends and prevention.
   • Evaluate own professional performance and identify potential improvements for future implementation of injury prevention strategies.
   • Identify and use opportunities to update and expand own knowledge of injury trends, preventative measures and interventions.
   • Monitor response to changes made to own professional practice or instruction.
   • Continue to adjust own practice to optimise results.

Performance Evidence

Evidence of the ability to complete tasks outlined in elements and performance criteria of this unit in the context of the job role. This must include period(s) totalling at least fifteen hours comprising at least ten different client contact sessions, and:

effectively use knowledge to improve own professional practice for injury screening, developing and monitoring injury prevention strategies in at least five different client sessions

conduct sessions that individually or cumulatively incorporate:

pre-exercise screening using industry endorsed protocols, including:

history of injuries

current function at past injury sites

industry endorsed risk stratification

observation and analysis of the following using at least three functional movements for each client in line with accepted movement and technique standards:

functional movement capacity for at least five clients using exercise observation in all of the following movement patterns and scenarios:

push

pull

squat

lunge

rotate

overhead press

overhead pull

with and without equipment

loaded and unloaded

records of gait observation for at least three clients:

view:

anterior

posterior

lateral

gait cycle:

stance phase

swing phase

flight phase

double stance phase

evaluation:

ankle

foot

tibia

knee

pelvis

trunk

head

arm

foot cycle:

foot strike

mid–stance

toe off

evaluation of:

sequence of movement at each joint

sequence of muscle actions

efficiency of movement

evidence-based injury prevention strategies supported by relevant research regarding the cause and prevalence of commonly occurring injuries:

incidence

severity

prevalence

cause

type of injuries

implementation of at least three injury prevention measures for each client, involving:

screening

protective equipment

hydration and healthy eating

pre-exercise, warm-up and stretching

neural stretching

recovery strategies and physical conditioning

frequency and duration of participation

correction of technique

checking for adequate rehabilitation following injury

appropriate management of risk factors that may predispose the client to further injury

staff training about risks, referral and appropriate exercise programming for specific populations

collaboration with medical or allied health professional, stakeholders and clients to develop, implement and monitor injury prevention and management strategies.

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Knowledge Evidence

Demonstrated knowledge required to complete the tasks outlined in elements and performance criteria of this unit:

legislation and regulatory requirements:

appropriate collection and storage of client information

application of legal and ethical limitations of own role

work health and safety/occupational health and safety

equipment safety standards

defined roles and responsibilities of the advanced personal trainer and their ethical and legal limitations in implementing injury prevention and management strategies

risk factors associated with a range of injuries:

personal and internal factors

past injury to an area

biomechanics

exercise technique

extrinsic factors

equipment used

gender

age – growing as well as ageing bodies

training load (acute and cumulative)

fitness level

posture

trainer/instructor knowledge and skill

basic principles of biomechanics to enable the application of appropriate techniques and strategies to minimise injuries for specific fitness activities

correct execution and teaching points for the following primal functional movement patterns and the implications of results in regards to injury prevention strategies:

push

pull

squat

lunge

rotate

overhead press

overhead pull

pathology of common injury for specific activities, and injury response and the phases of healing and repair:

primary or secondary

direct or indirect

acute or overuse

musculoskeletal

anatomy of the musculoskeletal system and its supporting systems to enable the design of appropriate programs

function of the neuromuscular system to enable design of appropriate programs

range of motion and stretching techniques to enable inclusion of exercise variables to suit client functional capacity

role of exercise and fitness in the prevention, management and rehabilitation of common exercise related injuries and falls prevention

appropriate measures for joint mobility:

visual observation

use of appropriate equipment

joint specific range of movement

tests for specific joints

segmental mobility of vertebral section

active range

functional range

hypo or hypermobile joints

contralateral

symptoms

common types of re-occurring injuries:

sprains

strains

primary or secondary

direct or indirect

acute or overuse

musculoskeletal

appropriate tests for muscular strength:

relative strength

muscular endurance including functional endurance

primal functional movement patterns and muscle activation for muscle groups used:

push

pull

squat

lunge

rotate

overhead press

overhead pull

functional anatomy of joints:

glenohumeral:

bones

ligaments

related structures

muscles acting on the joint

elbow:

bones

ligaments

related structures

muscles acting on the joint

lumbo–sacral:

bones

ligaments

muscles acting on the joint

intervertebral:

bones

ligaments

muscles acting on the joint

hip (coxal):

bones

ligaments

muscles acting on the joint

knee (tibiofemoral and or patellofemoral):

bones

ligaments

related structures

muscles acting on the joint

ankle (talocrucal):

bones

ligaments

related structures

muscles acting on the joint

bony landmarks:

mastoid process

spinous process of the vertebrae

spine of the scapula

inferior angle of the scapula

acromion process

coracoid process

xiphoid process

lateral epicondyle of humerus

head of the radius

styloid process

olecranon process

umbilicus

anterior superior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

iliac crest

ischial tuberosity

greater trochanter

lateral femoral condyle

medial epicondyle

lateral epicondyle

superior border of the patella

inferior border of the patella

lateral malleolus

medial malleolus

calcaneus

factors affecting movement patterns and exercise performance, including deviations in posture or functional limitations at commencement, during, at completion of exercise or movement:

asymmetrical muscle tone

range of movement and mobility of major joint complexes

spinal curvature – lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis

scapula setting:

winging of scapula

anterior tipping/tilting

upward/downward rotation

pelvis position:

anterior/posterior

rotation

knee alignment:

varus/valgus

foot alignment:

internal/external rotation

pronation/supination

forward head

stability of major joint complexes

muscle strength and activation

neuromuscular control

sitting/standing/supine positions

processes for, and reasons for referral to appropriate medical or allied health professionals:

pain upon presentation to initial session/induction

history of uncontrolled/unresolved pain

pain during movement or exercise

static postural deviations

an inability to correct static or dynamic posture

restricted joint range of movement, strength imbalance or balance, stability or coordination concern that is limiting function

a diagnosed muscle, bone or joint problem with medical or allied health advice that the problem could be made worse by participating in physical activity/exercise

client history of an injury that has resulted in residual functional limitation

industry endorsed scope of practice.

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