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Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Plan for and coordinate the safe design of distribution substations
   • OHS practices/procedures and environmental and sustainable energy procedures, which may influence the design of distribution substations, are reviewed and determined.
   • Purpose of the design is established and expected outcomes of the work are confirmed with the appropriate personnel.
   • Organisational established procedures on policies and specifications for the design are obtained or established with the appropriate personnel.
   • Equipment/tools and personal protective equipment are selected and coordinated based on specified requirements and established procedures.
   • Work is prioritised and sequenced for the most efficient and effective outcome following consultation with others for completion within acceptable timeframes, to a quality standard and in accordance with established procedures.
   • Risk control measures are identified, prioritised and evaluated against the work schedule.
   • Relevant work permits are secured to coordinate the performance of work according to requirements and/or established procedures.
   • Resources including personnel, equipment, tools and personal protective equipment required for the job are identified, scheduled and coordinated and confirmed in a safe and technical working order.
   • Liaison and communication issues with other/authorised personnel, authorities, clients and land owners are resolved and activities coordinated to carry out work.
   • Site is prepared according to the work schedule and to minimise risk and damage to property, commerce, and individuals in accordance with established procedures.
2. Carry out and coordinate the design of distribution substations
   • Circuit/systems modelling is used to evaluate alternative proposals as per established procedures.
   • OHS and sustainable energy principles, functionality and practices to reduce the incidence of accidents and minimise waste are incorporated into the project in accordance with requirements and/or established procedures.
   • System design decisions are made on the basis of safety and effective outcomes according to requirements and/or established procedures.
   • Mathematical models of the distribution system are used to analyse the effectiveness of the finish project as per requirements and established procedures.
   • Technical advice is given to potential hazards, safety risks and control measures so that monitoring and preventative action can be undertaken and/or appropriate authorities consulted, where necessary, in accordance with requirements and established procedures.
   • Essential knowledge and associated skills are applied to analyse specific data and compare it with compliance specifications to ensure completion of the project within an agreed timeframe according to requirements.
   • Solutions to non-routine problems are identified and actioned using acquired essential knowledge and associated skills according to requirements.
   • Quality of work is monitored against personal performance agreement and/or established organisational and professional standards.
3. Complete and coordinate the design of distribution substations
   • Final inspections of the design are undertaken to ensure they comply with all requirements and include all specifications and documentations needed to complete the design brief.
   • Appropriate personnel are notified of completion and reports and/or completion documents are finalised.
   • Reports and/or completion documents are submitted to relevant personnel/organisations for approval and, where applicable, statutory or regulatory approval.
   • Approved copies of design documents are issued and records are updated in accordance with established procedures.

Required Skills

Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills EKAS This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level required for this unit Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of designing distribution substations All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies KSTDSA Design power system distribution substations KS01-TDS37A Design power system distribution substations Evidence shall show an understanding of the designing of power system distribution substations to an extent indicated by the following aspects T Mathematics techniques encompassing Calculations involving fractions decimals ratios proportions Calculations involving area volume mass and density Calculations involving transposition and substitution of formulae Calculations involving simple trigonometric problems T Engineering mechanics encompassing Identification of basic concepts principles and applications Application of velocity acceleration force density torque and pressure Applications of the SI units The relationship between work power and energy Behaviour of object under force using a block and tackle under load concept of mechanical advantage determination of resultant forces and determining the sag in a catenary conductor and the force applied at each end Fundamentals of the basic laws of fluid mechanics T Materials properties encompassing Identification and classification of engineering materials material properties Types and applications properties of tensile strength effects of temperature on the expansion of metals ductility malleability work hardening and annealing and the conditions that lead to corrosion and the properties of timbers T Generation systems encompassing Methods of generating electricity types of power stations and reasons for their location layout of thermal and hydroelectric power stations Relationship between power control and load requirements operating speeds for thermal and hydroelectric generating sets typical generator voltage levels and output ratings The purpose and features of typical types of cogeneration systems T Substations and power transformers encompassing Relationship between the substations within an overall power system note examples include purpose location in relation to load centres layout of HV equipment within the substation and auxiliary equipment Characteristics of a power transformer basic construction of distribution transformers operation under loadno load conditions types and basic operation of tap changing switches including solid state types efficiency and cooling Auxiliary equipment used on transformers function and basic operation Maintenance of a power transformer basic connections restrictions to parallel operation problems and remedies associated with harmonics testing and fault finding procedures Characteristics of a reactors description and purpose T The installation of metering and control equipment encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements pertaining to the installation and maintenance of energy meters and associated equipment Types of meters note examples include kilowatthour meters single and polyphase demand meters recording meters and electronic recording metering systems summators Installation and removal methods direct connection and plug in method and enterprise specific Types of associated equipment and accessories meter boards service fuse links contactors time switch audio frequency injection relay Testing procedures safety and polarity testing T Principles of Statutory and safety considerations encompassing CommonwealthStateTerritory legislation standards codes supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with working on High Voltage Particular reference to State and Territory regulations regarding working near energised conductors electrical access heights confined space testing procedures licensing rules T The installation of switchgear and associated equipment encompassing Types and function of various switchgear isolators airbreak switches gasfilled switches vacuum type links fuses oil disconnectors fuse switches circuit breakers operating characteristics advantages and disadvantages of different types switchgear installation procedures earthing requirements and techniques Types of equipment note examples include transformers reactors regulators capacitors relays surge arrestors fault indicators and mobile generators Installation procedures for switchgear and equipment encompassing standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements assembly and erecting procedures earthing requirements and techniques and pole mounted locations Maintenance procedures for switchgear and equipment diagnosing and rectifying faults according to electricity supply industry standards and procedures Testing and commissioning electricity supply industry standards and procedures T High voltage distribution transformer principles encompassing Operation of HV distribution transformers principle governing factors for transformer ratings protection and alarms operating limitations and the relationship between transformer and HV fuse rating purpose and principle operation of HV distribution transformer tap changers HV distribution transformer and transformer cable combination switching practices paralleling requirements isolation and earthing procedures for access common distribution transformer and associated electrical apparatus faults HV underground switching equipment arc stranglers switch operation load break elbows switching cubicles canister fuses bayonet fuses F and G switching cubicles voltage indicators and phasing testers T Feeder automation system encompassing Function of feeder automation system and the main components Operation procedure for a remote field device from a local control station Functions of System Control and Data Acquisition SCADA or any other relevant Data Acquisition and Control systems and its main components SCADA system security interlocks and access restrictions SCADA system operation when switching apparatus or retrieving data via a remote access device such as Remote Access Terminal RAT Dial Up Voice Annunciated System and Local Control Station Function of the main components of a localremote control system Operation of a field devices using SCADA systems via a Remote Access Terminal RAT Dial Up Annunciated System and Local Control Station T Environmental fundamentals encompassing Environmental standards codes environmental legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the control of environment associated with the worksite encompassing relevant federal legislation relevant stateterritory legislation relevant local government bylaws relevant government or quasi government policies and regulations and relevant community planning and development agreements land care agreements Employer and employee responsibilities Methods of obtaining information on environmental issues and updates Methods of identifying environmental impacts from work related activities Meaning of environmental terms encompassing identification assessment and control of risks compliance and best practice and sustainable energy Procedures in implementing management plans to ensure compliance T Layout principles for a distribution substation minor upgrade encompassing Commonwealth StateTerritory and local government legislation Standards codes supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to a distribution substation minor upgrade Requirements for the use of distribution substation minor upgrade construction manuals system diagramsplans and drawings and for plans such as work method statements for the control of OHS risks Methods in determining material equipment and tool lists components types and quantity required spacing of components and equipment costings of items and components Purchasing and contractual arrangements to include a requirement to eliminate OHS hazards minimise risks and provide residual OHS risk information Determination of conductor size type and route length Resources needed for the laying of conductors cables and equipment Determining the appropriate installation sequence Minimum clearances between conductors and equipment Estimation of the duration of underground distribution extension project T Fundamentals of distribution transformers encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements pertaining to the safe operation and testing of distribution transformers and auxiliary equipment Drawing layouts conventions and symbols note examples include vector group of transformers and three phase transformers Construction of a distribution transformer Characteristics when operated under load and no load conditions Percentage impedance determinations by test and calculation Function and operation of tap charging switches including solid state tap changing equipment Function and operation of transformer auxiliary equipment Problems caused by harmonics in transformers Methods and equipment used to overcome harmonics in transformers T Testing procedures of distribution transformers encompassing Safety precautions specific to the testing of distribution transformers Procedures for safely connecting distribution transformers for testing Testing of distribution transformers to determine losses Calculation of transformers efficiency Methods and types of equipment used to cool transformers encompassing properties of transformer oil and tests performed on transformer oil Techniques in performing selected tests on transformer oil Techniques in performing testing procedures on armer Techniques in testing distribution transformers Distribution transformer parallel connections conditions and restrictions for parallel operations Calculations of loading on transformers operating in parallel Connection of transformer in parallel to supply a common load T Distribution earthing system encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the distribution earthing system Reason and types of distribution earthing systems Terminologies used in the earth systems including touch and step potential Conditions associated when an active HV conductor fails to earth Selection of earthing electrodes and grids Determination of the earthing resistance of copper clad rods using earthing monograms

Evidence Required

This provides essential advice for assessment of the unit of competency and must be read in conjunction with the Performance Criteria and the range statement of the unit of competency and the Training Package Assessment Guidelines The Evidence Guide forms an integral part of this Competency Standard Unit and shall be used in conjunction with all component parts of this unit and performed in accordance with the Assessment Guidelines of this Training Package

Overview of Assessment

Longitudinal competency development approaches to assessment such as Profiling require data to be reliably gathered in a form that can be consistently interpreted over time This approach is best utilised in Apprenticeship programs and reduces assessment intervention It is the Industrys preferred model for apprenticeships However where summative or final assessment is used it is to include the application of the competency in the normal work environment or at a minimum the application of the competency in a realistically simulated work environment It is recognised that in some circumstances assessment in part or full can occur outside the workplace However it must be in accord with Industry and Regulatory policy in this regard Methods chosen for a particular assessment will be influenced by various factors These include the extent of the assessment the most effective locations for the assessment activities to take place access to physical resources additional safety measures that may be required and the critical nature of the competencies being assessed The critical safety nature of working with electricity electrical equipment gas or any other hazardous substancematerial carries risk in deeming a person competent Hence sources of evidence need to be rich in nature so as to minimise error in judgment Activities associated with normal every day work have a bearing on the decision as to how much and how detailed the data gathered will contribute to its richness Some skills are more critical to safety and operational requirements while the same skills may be more or less frequently practiced These points are raised for the assessors to consider when choosing an assessment method and developing assessment instruments Sample assessment instruments are included for Assessors in the Assessment Guidelines of this Training Package

Critical aspects of evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit
	Before the critical aspects of evidence are considered all prerequisites shall be met Evidence for competence in this unit shall be considered holistically Each element and associated Performance Criteria shall be demonstrated on at least two occasions in accordance with the Assessment Guidelines UETUET Evidence shall also comprise A representative body of Performance Criteria demonstrated within the timeframes typically expected of the discipline work function and industrial environment In particular this shall incorporate evidence that shows a candidate is able to Implement Occupational Health and Safety workplace procedures and practices including the use of risk control measures as specified in the Performance Criteria and range and Apply sustainable energy principles and practices as specified in the Performance Criteria and range and Demonstrate an understanding of the essential knowledge and associated skills as described in this unit to such an extent that the learners performance outcome is reported in accordance with the preferred approach namely a percentile graded result where required by the regulated environment and Demonstrate an appropriate level of employability skills and Conduct work observing the relevant Anti Discrimination legislation regulations policies and workplace procedures and Demonstrated performance across a representative range of contexts from the prescribed items below
		Range of toolsequipmentmaterialsproceduresworkplacesother variables
		Group No	The minimum number of items on which skill is to be demonstrated	Item List
		A	Completion of six technical designs of a Distribution Substation relating to at least two of the following project types	Multitransformer substations Residential developments Industrialcommercial developments Alteration to existing assets
		B	Designs should also include all the following	Activities that address the correction of errors in the process Application of a design control checklist which lists all of the required design activities to be carried out in this process
		C	At least one occasion	Dealing with an unplanned event by drawing on essential knowledge and associated skills to provide appropriate solutions incorporated in the holistic assessment with the above listed items

Context of and specific resources for assessment

This unit should be assessed as it relates to normal work practice using procedures information and resources typical of a workplace This should include OHS policy and work procedures and instructions Suitable work environment facilities equipment and materials to undertake actual design of distribution substations In addition to the resources listed above in Context of and specific resources for assessment evidence should show demonstrated competency working realistic environment and a variety of conditions

Method of assessment

This Competency Standard Unit shall be assessed by methods given in Volume Part Assessment Guidelines Note Competent performance with inherent safe working practices is expected in the Industry to which this Competency Standard Unit applies This requires that the specified essential knowledge and associated skills are assessed in a structured environment which is primarily intended for learningassessment and incorporates all necessary equipment and facilities for learners to develop and demonstrate the essential knowledge and associated skills described in this unit

Concurrent assessment and relationship with other units
	There are no recommended concurrencies for this unit

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Range Statement

10) This relates to the unit of competency as a whole providing the range of contexts and conditions to which the Performance Criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect performance. This Competency Standard Unit shall be demonstrated in relation to the design of distribution substations and may include the following equipment: Substations, transformers, cables, Surge Div, HV Switchgear, LV Switchgear, links, relays, power supply, signage, busbars, relevant protection systems including fuses and circuit breakers and associated civil works. The following constants and variables included in the element/Performance Criteria in this unit are fully described in the Definitions Section 1 of this volume and form an integral part of the Range Statement of this unit: Appropriate and relevant persons (see Personnel) Appropriate authorities Appropriate work platform Assessing risk Assessment Authorisation Confined space Diagnostic, testing and restoration Documenting detail work events, record keeping and or storage of information Drawings and specifications Emergency Environmental and sustainable energy procedures Environmental legislation Environmental management documentation Established procedures Fall prevention Hazards Identifying hazards Inspect Legislation MSDS Notification OHS practices OHS issues Permits and/or permits to work Personnel Quality assurance systems Requirements Safe design principles Testing procedures Work clearance systems

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