Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills EKAS This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level required for this unit Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of designing substation modifications All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies KSTDSA Power system zone substations modifications Design KS01-TDS44A Power system zone substations modifications - Design Evidence shall show an understanding of the design of power system zone substations modifications to an extent indicated by the following aspects T Electrical computations encompassing Graph functions and applications linear non linear parabolic hyperbolic logarithmic and exponential Complex numbers polar form and rectangular form Simultaneous equations Quadratic equations Phasor diagrams Stardelta transformations T Working safely on or around electrical equipment through the application of risk management principles and control measures for dealing with nonelectrical hazards and extralow voltage lowvoltage and highvoltage hazards and highcurrent hazards encompassing Risk management and assessment of risk principle and purpose of risk management and processes for conducting a risk assessment Hazards associated with lowvoltage extralow voltage and highcurrents arrangement of power distribution and circuits in an electrical installations parts of an electrical system and equipment that operate at lowvoltage and extralow voltage and parts of an electrical system and equipment where highcurrents are likely Risks and control measures associated with highvoltage parts of an electrical system and equipment that operate at highvoltage the terms touch voltage step voltage induced voltage and creepage as they relate to the hazards of highvoltage and control measures used for dealing with the hazards of highvoltage Optical fibre safety coherent optical sources and joining procedures and laser safety class a devices or their replacement Risks and control measures associated with low voltage risks associated with modifying electrical installations fault finding maintenance and repair control measures before while and after working on electrical installations circuits or equipment isolation and taggingoff procedures risks and restrictions in working live and control measures for working live Risks and control measures associated with harmful dusts and airborne contaminants thermal insulation fibrous cement materials and asbestos and other fibre reinforced switchboard materials Safety selection use maintenance and care of test equipment safety characteristics of electrical testing devices safe use of electrical testing device and checks and storage methods for maintaining the safety of testing devices T OHS enterprise responsibilities encompassing Provisions of relevant health and safety legislation Principles and practice of effective occupational health and safety management Management arrangements relating to regulatory compliance Enterprise hazards and risks control measures and relevant expertise required Characteristics and composition of workforce and their impact on occupational health and safety management Relevance of enterprise management systems to occupational health and safety management Analysis of working environment and design of appropriate occupational health and safety management systems Analysis of relevant data and evaluation of occupational health and safety system effectiveness Assess resources to establish and maintain occupational health and safety management systems T Generation systems encompassing Methods of generating electricity types of power stations and reasons for their location layout of thermal and hydroelectric power stations Relationship between power control and load requirements operating speeds for thermal and hydroelectric generating sets typical generator voltage levels and output ratings The purpose and features of typical types of cogeneration systems T Substations and power transformers encompassing Relationship between the substations within an overall power system purpose location in relation to load centres layout of HV equipment within the substation and auxiliary equipment Characteristics of a power transformer basic construction of distribution transformers operation under loadno load conditions types and basic operation of tap changing switches including solid state types efficiency and cooling Auxiliary equipment used on transformers function and basic operation Maintenance of a power transformer basic connections restrictions to parallel operation problems and remedies associated with harmonics testing and fault finding procedures Characteristics of a reactors description and purpose T Safe working on energised low voltage equipment encompassing Standards codes Commonwealth StateTerritorylocal government legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements Safety precautions specific to working on or near energised low voltage conductors safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards assessment and control of OHS risks and types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment Work on or near energised LV conductors types and function of specialised tools safe working practices when using specialised tools methods of using specialised tools and safe procedures for work on panels and in cubicles on or near energised LV conductors Release and rescue procedures for work on or near exposed energised LV conductors T Installation of metering and control equipment encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements pertaining to the installation and maintenance of energy meters and associated equipment Types of meters kilowatthour meters single and polyphase demand meters recording meters and electronic recording metering systems summators Installation and removal methods direct connection and plug in method and enterprise specific Types of associated equipment and accessories meter boards service fuse links contactors time switch audio frequency injection relay Testing procedures safety testing and polarity testing T Principles of Statutory and safety considerations encompassing CommonwealthStateTerritory legislation standards codes supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with working on High Voltage Particular reference to State and Territory regulations regarding working near energised conductors electrical access heights confined space testing procedures licensing rules T Electrical equipment associated with protection and control schemes encompassing Types and applications of electrical equipment characteristics and capabilities schemes overcurrent frame leakage cooling buchholz DC supplies restricted earth sensitive earth fault CB fail reclose DC frame leakage CEL Fail under frequency load shed and earth fault T Principles of safe design encompassing CommonwealthStateTerritory legislation standards codes supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with safe design principles Particular reference to state and territory regulations regarding working near energised conductors electrical access heights confined space testing procedures and Licensing rules Application of safe design principles safe design duty related information safe design process related information and safe design evaluations T Installation of switchgear and associated equipment encompassing Types and function of various switchgear isolators airbreak switches gasfilled switches vacuum type links fuses oil disconnectors fuse switches circuit breakers operating characteristics advantages and disadvantages of different types switchgear installation procedures earthing requirements and techniques Types of equipment transformers reactors regulators capacitors relays surge arrestors fault indicators and mobile generators Installation procedures for switchgear and equipment standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements assembly and erecting procedures earthing requirements and techniques and pole mounted locations Maintenance procedures for switchgear and equipment diagnosing and rectifying faults according to electricity supply industry standards and procedures Testing and commissioning electricity supply industry standards and procedures T Environmental fundamentals encompassing Environmental standards codes environmental legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the control of environment associated with the worksite encompassing relevant federal legislation relevant stateterritory legislation relevant local government bylaws relevant government or quasi government policies and regulations and relevant community planning and development agreements land care agreements Employer and employee responsibilities Methods of obtaining information on environmental issues and updates Methods of identifying environmental impacts from work related activities Meaning of environmental terms identification assessment and control of risks compliance best practice and sustainable energy Procedures in implementing management plans to ensure compliance T Environmental fundamentals encompassing Methods of obtaining updated environmental information and data sheets on the proper use and handling of equipment and materials Environmental standards codes environmental legislation OHS legislation hazardous substancesdangerous goods regulations supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable environmental care when handling materials including provision of manufacturers and suppliers information such as material safety data sheets MSDS Types and application of personal protective equipment used for hazards substances Types and application of personal protective equipment used for hazards substances and dangerous goods Techniques in handling equipment to eliminatereduce risks to the environment from spillages of oils herbicides pesticides and chemicals from such equipment vehicle loading crane chainsaw enterprise vehicles and explosive power tools Procedures for handling and control of spillages of herbicides Methods of disposing and storage of herbicides pesticides and chemicals Methods of cleaning mobile plant equipment and tools Recording of data T Substation safety practices encompassing Standards codes Commonwealth StateTerritorylocal government legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements pertaining to substation safety practices Techniques in the use of protective apparatus and apparel for substations work including responsibilities with regard to the use and maintenance of protective apparatus and apparel and the types of protective apparatus and apparel used for work in substations Requirements for the use of ladders and appropriate ladder types for work in substations safe work methods when carrying erecting collapsing and lowering different types of extension ladder against substation structures plant and equipment maintenance checks on different types of ladders renewal of extension ropes and the safety issues relating to clearances from energised conductors Requirements for climbing and working at heights in substations attached climbing principles selection use and operation of elevated work platforms and any OHS requirements associated with the use of EWPs Control of small fires the identification selection and operation of the appropriate extinguishing mediums for various types of fires and the precautions for personal protection when fighting small fires Control of oil spills the identification use and maintenance of spill oil control equipment and materials oil containment facilities and systems Rescue and release procedures the rescue personnel from energised conductors emergency descent from an EWP and may include rescue from confined spaces Enterprise requirements safe access and Authorisation to Work procedures use of mobile extendable equipment on or near energised HV conductors and emergency response procedures Hazards associated with work in substations including earthing systems transfer potentials step and touch effects electrostatic and electromagnetic induction dangers of near approach to energised conductors T Design principles of high voltage insulation systems encompassing Insulation design principles common materials used electrical characteristics thermal characteristics uses and applications to substation high voltage plant and equipment grading construction and cooling Common contaminants and their effects internal contaminants and external contaminants Testing and measurement of insulation quality test types and common measuring instruments and techniques resistance and resistivity losses measurement errors temperature corrections and safe work practices related to testing and measurement Safety precautions when testing and measuring high voltage insulation systems safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards assessment and control of OHS risks and types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment T Principles to design zone substation modifications encompassing Commonwealth StateTerritory and local government legislation Standards codes supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the zone substation design principles Requirements for the use of zone substation system construction manuals system diagramsplans and drawings and for plans such as work method statements for the control of OHS risks Types of designs substation modification design include replacement of one item or a small quantity of items of primary plant secondary equipment or SCADA equipment full or partial retrofit of SCADA into an existing substation Types of zone substation primary plant HV circuit breakers reclosers power current or voltage transformers disconnectors surge arrestors busbars busbar supports load control and frequency injection facilities Types of secondary equipment batteries battery chargers protection relays control devices or panels Types of SCADA modification full or part implementation of SCADA retrofits replacement of SCADA IEDs RTUs and SMUs |