Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills EKAS This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level required for this unit Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of designing transmission subtransmission and zone substation primary plant All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies KSTDSA Power system transmission and subtransmission substation primary plant KS01-TDS53A Power system transmission and sub-transmission substation primary plant Evidence shall show an understanding of designing power system transmission and subtransmission substation primary plant to an extent indicated by the following aspects T Materials properties encompassing Identification and classification of engineering materials material properties Types and applications properties of tensile strength effects of temperature on the expansion of metals ductility malleability work hardening and annealing and the conditions that lead to corrosion and the properties of timbers T Principles of power transformer construction and operations encompassing Transformer types note examples include shell core auto double wound three phase single phase and combinations of these types step up and step down transformers transmission and generation types Reactor types shunt and series applications and design considerations Iron circuit characteristics steel types losses and techniques used to eliminate excess eddy currents and other circulating currents Winding configurations and construction techniques helical spiral disc interleaved disc types Insulation methods and techniques fully insulated windings and graded insulation techniques oil filled and gas filled power transformers Transformer and reactor ratings losses and efficiency equivalent circuits and vector relationships impedance percent Nameplate details BIL tapping winding detail physical layout cooling ratings physical details Transformer and reactor cooling types and their effects on design and rating Transformer and reactor auxiliaries temperature indicators over pressure devices and control systems Winding configurations starstar stardelta starzigzag nomenclature and common methods of diagrammatic representation of winding configuration Operating constraints as single units and in parallel Tapping windings encompassing placement issues tapping range and OLTC versus off load TC techniques high speed resistor reactor and vacuum types Jansen mechanisms dead tank and live tank types Control system characteristics High voltage bushing selection insulation system used rating BIL selection criteria and testing considerations T Principles of power transformer construction and operations encompassing Applications of static reactive plant in high voltage networks including voltage control VAR control transient response capacity Types of static reactive plant including high voltage capacitors high voltage reactors static VAR compensators and combinations of these Operating characteristics and operational constraints including point on wave switching issues Ratings cooling systems and control systems and ancillary equipment used Configurations and system layout including single star double star bridge type Typical protection systems used including neutral unbalance current neutral unbalance voltage Techniques used when balancing elements within static reactive plant Safety precautions when testing and maintaining high voltage static reactive plant safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards assessment and control of OHS risks and types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment T Principles of power transformer high speed on load tap changers encompassing Selector types and applications for high voltage power transformers Diverter switch types and applications for high voltage power transformers including live tank dead tank resistor type reactor type vacuum type pennant flag pennant cycle Ratings and construction principles Operating mechanism types stored energy systems and associated control systems Operating principles and operating sequences of selectors and diverters Measurement requirements including contacts differential wear transition resistors and transient protection devices rotation lag out of sequence controls and endoflife unit and component assessment Online diagnostic tools and devices Ancillary equipment including online filters over pressure relays and devices Testing requirements including cycle timing differential delay energy accumulator mechanical and operational tests and control system functional tests Safety precautions when testing and maintaining high voltage power transformer on load tap changers safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards and assessment control of OHS risks and types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment T Substation switching practices encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to substation switching Requirements for the use of manuals substation diagramsplans and drawings Types characteristics and capabilities of HV substation equipment to be switched Procedures for obtaining correct HV switching authorisation identification of hazards and controlling risks safety procedures and precautions responsibilities and protocols and identifying switching resources Techniques in HV substation switching isolation procedures and proving dead earthing procedures preswitching checks switching operational procedures emergency fault procedures and commissioning procedures Use care and operation of equipment associated with HV substation equipment test instruments and sticks HV switchgear encompassing types categories application and operating capabilities Basic Operation of protection systems Restrictions pertaining to HV substation switching equipment Restrictions pertaining to Enterprise Specific procedures T Circuit breaker construction principles encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to circuit breakers Requirements for the use of manuals circuit breaker diagramsplans and drawings Types characteristics and capabilities of HV substation circuit breakers installed Use characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and equipment Identification of components within the circuit breaker and associated control housings Identification of energy sources within the circuit breaker and associated control housings Identification of insulation paths within the circuit breaker Types and characteristics of operating mechanisms Types and characteristics of interrupter chambers Safety precautions when Constructing circuit breakers safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards assessment and control of OHS risks and types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment T Synchronous Condenser Principles encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to Synchronous Condensers Requirements for the use of manuals substation diagramsplans and drawings Types characteristics and capabilities of Synchronous Condensers installed Identification of components within the Synchronous Condensers and associated control housings Use characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and equipment Enterprise Specific Policies and Procedures for Synchronous Condensers Techniques in evaluating serviceability of Synchronous Condensers operation Safety precautions when testing and measuring Synchronous Condensers safe working practices and procedures Identification of hazards and assessment and control of OHS risks types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment responsibilities and protocols and safe working clearances Communicating worksite procedures T Commissioning procedures associated with relevant equipment encompassing Standards codes CommonwealthStateTerritory legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the commissioning procedures Requirements for the use of commissioning manuals system diagramsplans and drawings Techniques in commissioning procedures planning policy testing techniques and close out requirements T Detailed operation of instrument transformers encompassing Voltage and current transformer principles and terminology Types and classes of current transformers Constructions of current transformers Characteristics of current transformers Testing of current transformers Types and categories of voltage transformers Constructions of voltage transformers Characteristics of voltage transformers Testing of voltage transformers T Detailed operation of metering devices and principles encompassing Common circuit configurations Meters and measurement principles Instrument transformer application Testing of metering systems and devices Implications of market operation T Detailed operation of communication devices and principles encompassing Types of communication systems Interface to power system equipment Hardware configurations Testing of communication links T Primary Plant testing encompassing Transformers DC high voltage tests AC high voltage tests induced high voltage tests ratio tests polarity tests winding resistance tests impedance tests insulation resistance tests transformer vector group test winding temperature indicator test alarm tests neutral ct tests Circuit breakers DC high voltage tests AC high voltage tests induced high voltage tests function tests operation timing minimum voltage operation test insulation resistance test contact resistance test auxiliary contact test alarm tests Capacitor banks DC high voltage tests AC high voltage tests induced high voltage tests neutral ct tests balance tests insulation resistance T Effects of harmonics encompassing Characteristics and effects of harmonics on protection device functionsmalfunction Effects of harmonics on the following transformers generators motors and quality of supply T Basic design features and characteristics of underground cables lines polesstructures and associated equipment and or components encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to installing conductors and associated equipment Overhead lines characteristics type of components characteristics of conductor material mechanical limitations and physical dimensions of lines current rating factors heating voltage drops power losses of conductors aerial bundled cables HV and LV covered conductors Characteristics and constructional features of poles and structures types of poles and structures characteristics of polesstructure materials mechanical limitations of polesstructures footings and additional support techniques Characteristics and constructional features of underground cables underground cables constructional features insulation materials and abbreviations cable dielectrics electric stress cable voltage drop Calculation of cable volt drop in relation to length of cable run Techniques in reducing electrical stress on cables Cable rating factors Methods of joining and terminating cables Techniques in the installation of cables above and below ground Techniques in cable testing and the location of cable faults Techniques in cable drawing T Power test equipment testing encompassing Safety precautions specific to the use and connection of power test equipment Meter operational principles note examples include moving coil moving iron transducer digital and analogue Types operation and use of meters phase sequence meters phase angle meters instrument transformers wattmeters energy meters phase system analysers power oscilloscopes and frequency meters T Principles of transmission subtransmission and zone substation primary plant designs encompassing Commonwealth StateTerritory and local government legislation Standards codes supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the substation design management principles Requirements for the use of the substation system construction manuals system diagramsplans and drawings and for plans such as work method statements for the control of OHS risks Types of primary plant designs parameters note examples include electrical equipment in accordance with the Single Line Diagram bay spacing busbar heights statutory and maintenance clearances in accordance with AS and organisational requirements switchyard equipment layout lightning protection control and power cables routes within and outside switchyard |