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Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Plan for and coordinate the design of overhead transmission systems
   • OHS practices/procedures and environmental and sustainable energy procedures, which may influence the design of overhead transmission systems, are reviewed and determined.
   • Purpose of the design is established and expected outcomes of the work are confirmed with the appropriate personnel.
   • Established policies, procedures and specifications for the design are obtained or established with the appropriate personnel.
   • Equipment/tools and personal protective equipment are selected and coordinated based on specified requirements and established procedures
   • Work is prioritised and sequenced for the most efficient and effective outcome following consultation with others for completion within acceptable timeframes, to a quality standard and in accordance with established procedures
   • Risk control measures are identified, prioritised and evaluated against the work schedule
   • Relevant work permits are secured to coordinate the performance of work according to requirements and/or established procedures
   • Resources including personnel, equipment, tools and personal protective equipment required for the job are identified, scheduled and coordinated and confirmed in a safe and technical working order
   • Liaison and communication issues with other/authorised personnel, authorities, clients and land-owners are resolved and activities coordinated to carry out work
   • Site is prepared according to the work schedule and to minimise risk and damage to property, commerce, and individuals in accordance with established procedures
   • Personnel participating in the work, including plant operators and contractors, are fully briefed and respective responsibilities coordinated and authorised where applicable in accordance with established procedures
2. Carry out and coordinate the design of overhead transmission systems
   • Circuit/systems modelling is used to evaluate alternative proposals as per established procedures.
   • OHS and sustainable energy principles, functionality and practices to avoid incidents and accidents and minimise waste are incorporated into the project in accordance with requirements and/or established procedures
   • System design decisions are made on the basis of safety and effective outcomes according to requirements and/or established procedures
   • Mathematical models of the design are used to analyse the effectiveness of the finished project as per requirements and established procedures
   • Technical advice is given regarding potential hazards, safety risks and control measures so that monitoring and preventative action can be undertaken and/or appropriate authorities consulted, where necessary, in accordance with requirements and established procedures
   • Essential knowledge and associated skills are applied to analyse specific data and compare it with compliance specifications to ensure completion of the project within an agreed timeframe according to requirements.
   • Solutions to non-routine problems are identified and actioned using acquired essential knowledge and associated skills according to requirements
   • Quality of work is monitored against personal performance agreement and/or established organisational and professional standards.
3. Complete and coordinate the design of overhead transmission systems
   • Final inspections of the design are undertaken to ensure they comply with all requirements and include all specifications and documentations needed to complete the design brief.
   • Appropriate personnel are notified of completion and reports and/or completion documents are finalised.
   • Reports and/or completion documents are submitted to relevant personnel/organisations for approval and, where applicable, statutory or regulatory approval
   • Approved copies of design documents are issued and records are updated in accordance with established procedures.

Required Skills

Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills EKAS This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level required for this unit Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of designing overhead transmission systems All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies KSTDSA Power system overhead transmission systems KS01-TDS57A Power system overhead transmission systems Evidence shall show an understanding of designing power system transmission systems to an extent indicated by the following aspects T Generation systems encompassing Methods of generating electricity types of power stations and reasons for their location layout of thermal and hydroelectric power stations Relationship between power control and load requirements operating speeds for thermal and hydroelectric generating sets typical generator voltage levels and output ratings The purpose and features of typical types of cogeneration systems T Transmission structures and hardware encompassing Requirements for the use of enterprise construction manuals system diagramsplans and drawings Types of structures Types and function of associated hardwareequipment and insulators Types of conductors Location of transmissions structures Other equipment used on transmission structures eg aircraft warning devices Voltages on transmission structures T Procedures for routine maintenance on transmission structures and hardware encompassing Procedures for gaining access permits Reasons for gaining access Types of maintenance procedures on transmission structures procedure to follow for inspectionpatrols according to the Transmission Supply Authority Erecting and removing of transmission equipment and hardware from a tower climbing procedures square rigging principles calculation of forces at work within a given square rigging system and construction of a square rigging system Procedures for changing insulators vertical angle suspension strain insulator post insulator horizontal or vertical and bridge insulator calculation of conductor forces Installation of temporary work platforms types and function of installation tools and equipment precautions and work methods to follow and procedures for installations of temporary work platforms Installation of conductor protective hardware types and selection of common dampers tools and equipment control of Aeolian vibration and procedures for the installation of dampers onto conductors Dead line insulator washing supply Authority regulations and procedure for washing deenergised transmission lines T Procedures for installation and maintenance on transmission lines structures and hardware encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements pertaining to the installation and maintenance of transmission lines and associated equipment Requirements for the use of enterprise construction manuals system diagramsplans and drawings minimum construction clearances for transmission lines and sagtension requirements Construction types and structures used in transmission lines Types sizes and characteristics of transmission conductors aluminium conductors steel reinforced and earthing conductors Types of electrical connections used to connect transmission conductors compression termination and bolted termination Causes and effects of poor electrical connections Types and application of specialised tools equipment and hardware for the stringing of transmission conductors Techniques for stringing tensioning and terminating transmission conductors Techniques for installation of associated hardware used on transmission towers Techniques for maintenance of damage transmission conductors repair and replacement T Inspection of towers and structures used for transmission lines encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements Characteristics of materials used for towers structures within the electrical transmission system faults that occur that influence the integrity of the structure Deterioration prevention techniques relationship between steel and other materials inspection procedures for deterioration deterioration prevention procedures in steel and procedures for the repair of deterioration in steel T Inspection of transmission lines encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements Clearances and safety procedures Ground line inspection procedures of electrical transmission lines requirements for inspection of transmission lines and insulators use of specific equipment and testing devices during testinginspection techniques in transmission line inspection and methods of recording data Overhead line inspection procedures of electrical transmission lines methods and requirements for overhead line inspection on electrical structures clearances for overhead conductors cables and structures techniques used to obtain close inspection of transmission lines use of specific equipment and testing devices during testinginspection and methods of recording data T Plant equipment and tools used for HV live line work encompassing CommonwealthStateTerritory legislation Standards codes supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with plant equipment and tools used for HV live line work Safety precautions when working on plant equipment and tools using hotstick combined safe working clearances Occupational Health and Safety hazards and precautions identification of OHS hazards assessing and controlling risks types selection maintenance storage and uses of personnel protective equipment and Authorisation to work systems Identification of plant equipment and tools used for HV live line work types applications construction characteristics limitations and Safe working load Serviceability of plant equipment and tools used for HV live line work inspection procedures testing procedures maintenance procedures and storage procedures Relationship of live line work access authoritypermit disabling autoreclose function and ensuring correct functioning of fault current protective devices prior to live line work Live line access authorities disabling autoreclose function and ensuring fault current protective devices prior to live line work Conductor supports encompassing methods types of equipment construction characteristics and limitations Techniques in selecting appropriate conductor support method in accordance with requirements Calculation of loads and wind loading on conductors Effects of resultant forces when transferring conductor loads Rigging procedures for conductor support equipment T High voltage switching principles encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to switching of high voltage to a given schedule Requirements for the use of manuals system diagramsplans and drawings types characteristics and capabilities of electrical apparatus use characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and testing equipment and network interconnectors source of possible backfeed Role of the HV switching operator Operational forms access authorities and permits associated with HV switching types of operational forms access authorities and permits and the purpose and procedure for operational forms access authorities and permits Use and operation of equipment associated with HV overhead and substation equipment test instruments sticks interrupters and arc stranglers Types and categories of HV switchgear Application function and operating capabilities of switchgear Restrictions pertaining to HV switching equipment Procedures for the isolation of HV transmission main and working earths Earthing HV electrical apparatus practices and procedures for access purposes of Operational and additional work part onsite earths factors determining the location and effectiveness of Operational earthing acceptable industry procedures and personal protective equipment High voltage switching techniques Operate switching apparatus identifying hazards assessing and controlling risks associated with HV switchgear operation systematic and defensive techniques mobile radio procedures and double isolation procedures T Feeder automation system encompassing Function of feeder automation system and the main components Operation procedure for a remote field device from a local control station Functions of System Control and Date Acquisition SCADA or any other relevant Data Acquisition and Control systems and its main components SCADA system security interlocks and access restrictions SCADA system operation when switching apparatus or retrieving data via a remote access device such as Remote Access Terminal RAT Dial Up Voice Annunciated System and Local Control Station Function of the main components of a localremote control system Operation of a field devices using SCADA systems via a Remote Access Terminal RAT Dial Up Annunciated System and Local Control Station T HV overhead and substation switching principles encompassing Legislation Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to HV overhead and substation switching Requirements for the use of manuals system diagramsplans and drawings types characteristics and capabilities of HV electrical equipment to be switched use characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and testing equipment Role and responsibilities of the HV switching operator Operational forms access authorities and permits hazardrisk assessments associated with HV switching types of operational forms access authorities and permits hazardrisk assessments and the purpose and procedure for operational forms access authorities and hazardrisk assessments Use and operation of equipment associated with HV overhead and substation equipment test instruments sticks interrupters and arc stranglers HV switchgear encompassing types categories application and operating capabilities Operation of HV overhead switching or indicating devices fuses disconnect fuses load switching live line indicators capacitors reclosers sectionalisers underslung links airbreaks switches disconnects live line clamps phasing sticks phasing tester Operation of protection systems and substation equipment fault levels and settings types and applications protection systems and substation equipment fault levels and settings types and applications Restrictions pertaining to HV switching equipment Procedures for the isolation of HV mains and working earths earthing HV electrical apparatus practices and procedures for access authority issuing HV switching techniques Operate switching apparatus identifying hazards assessing and controlling risks associated with HV switchgear operation systematic and defensive techniques mobile radio procedures and double isolation procedures T AC transmission system components encompassing Support structures and reasons for selection Insulators and reasons for selection Conductors and reasons for selection Vibration management systems and principles Line ratings based on voltage span tension and temperature T AC transmission line electrical parameters encompassing Typical arrangements Parameters of significance Calculation of line parameters calculation of resistive inductive and capacitive values assuming regular transposition and solid conductors Comparison with actual values Typical parameter values and ratios for different voltage level lines T AC transmission line models encompassing Types of transmission line models based on line length Calculation of voltage drop line regulation and transmission efficiency Load sharing between lines T Basic design features and characteristics of transmission structures and associated equipment and or components encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to installing of polesstructures and associated equipment and or components Transmission systems principles terminologies primary and secondary voltage levels and types of lines Characteristics of structure types of structure towers and poles concrete and steel characteristics of types of structures installation methods and maintenance techniques Characteristics of associated equipment used on structures insulators and earthing including overhead earth and communication lines T Voltage control techniques encompassing Conditions leading to voltage collapse Effects on system of high and low voltage Voltage control devices voltage regulators applied to generators and synchronous phase modifiers electromagnetic voltage regulators series and parallel capacitors OLTC transformers and static VAR compensators SVCs SVCs includes saturated reactor compensators thyristor controlled reactor compensators and combined systems Production of harmonics and methods of harmonic control Location of voltage control devices within the system T Corona encompassing Factors leading to the generation of corona voltage levels conductor spacings conductor sizes and shaping atmospheric conditions Consequences of corona Corona reduction conductor selection conductor bundling conductor surface treatment grading rings Internal discharge causes of internal discharge effects of internal discharge testing techniques T Effects of harmonics encompassing Characteristics and effects of harmonics on protection device functionsmalfunction Effects of harmonics on the following transformers generators motors and quality of supply T HV system load calculation principles encompassing Structure of HV systems Ratings of HV system components Relationship to HV customers Methods of determining load on HV systems Records of load on HV systems Effect of added load on HV feeders note examples include variation of current voltage power reactive power and power factor Load flows in parallel or loop operation Enterprise specific network coordination tools T EHV system load calculation principles encompassing Structure of EHV transmission systems Ratings of EHV system components Relationship to EHV customers Relationship to generation sources Methods of determining load on EHV systems Records of load on EHV systems Effect of added load on EHV transmission systems variation of current voltage power reactive power and power factor Load flows in parallel or loop operation Enterprise specific network coordination tools

Evidence Required

This provides essential advice for assessment of the unit of competency and must be read in conjunction with the Performance Criteria and the range statement of the unit of competency and the Training Package Assessment Guidelines The Evidence Guide forms an integral part of this Competency Standard Unit and shall be used in conjunction with all component parts of this unit and performed in accordance with the Assessment Guidelines of this Training Package

Overview of Assessment

Longitudinal competency development approaches to assessment such as Profiling require data to be reliably gathered in a form that can be consistently interpreted over time This approach is best utilised in Apprenticeship programs and reduces assessment intervention It is the Industrys preferred model for apprenticeships However where summative or final assessment is used it is to include the application of the competency in the normal work environment or at a minimum the application of the competency in a realistically simulated work environment It is recognised that in some circumstances assessment in part or full can occur outside the workplace However it must be in accord with Industry and Regulatory policy in this regard Methods chosen for a particular assessment will be influenced by various factors These include the extent of the assessment the most effective locations for the assessment activities to take place access to physical resources additional safety measures that may be required and the critical nature of the competencies being assessed The critical safety nature of working with electricity electrical equipment gas or any other hazardous substancematerial carries risk in deeming a person competent Hence sources of evidence need to be rich in nature so as to minimise error in judgment Activities associated with normal every day work have a bearing on the decision as to how much and how detailed the data gathered will contribute to its richness Some skills are more critical to safety and operational requirements while the same skills may be more or less frequently practiced These points are raised for the assessors to consider when choosing an assessment method and developing assessment instruments Sample assessment instruments are included for Assessors in the Assessment Guidelines of this Training Package

Critical aspects of evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit
	Before the critical aspects of evidence are considered all prerequisites shall be met Evidence for competence in this unit is based shall be considered holistically Each element and associated Performance Criteria shall be demonstrated on at least two occasions in accordance with the Assessment Guidelines UETUET Evidence shall also comprise A representative body of Performance Criteria demonstrated within the timeframes typically expected of the discipline work function and industrial environment In particular this shall incorporate evidence that shows a candidate is able to Implement Occupational Health and Safety workplace procedures and practices including the use of risk control measures as specified in the Performance Criteria and range and Apply sustainable energy principles and practices as specified in the Performance Criteria and range and Demonstrate an understanding of the essential knowledge and associated skills as described in this unit to such an extent that the learners performance outcome is reported in accordance with the preferred approach namely a percentile graded result where required by the regulated environment and Demonstrate an appropriate level of employability skills and Conduct work observing the relevant Anti Discrimination legislation regulations policies and workplace procedures and Demonstrated performance across a representative range of contexts from the prescribed items below
		Range of toolsequipmentmaterialsproceduresworkplacesother variables
		Group No	The minimum number of items on which skill is to be demonstrated	Item List
		A	Completion of six compliant technical designs of an overhead transmission system with at least one relating to each of the following project types	Multitower extensions New installations Multicircuit overhead lines
		B	Designs should also include all the following	Activities that address the correction of errors in the process Application of a design control checklist which lists all of the required design activities to be carried out in this process
		C	At least one occasion	Dealing with an unplanned event by drawing on essential knowledge and associated skills to provide appropriate solutions incorporated in the holistic assessment with the above listed items

Context of and specific resources for assessment

This unit should be assessed as it relates to normal work practice using procedures information and resources typical of a workplace This should include OHS policy and work procedures and instructions Suitable work environment facilities equipment and materials to undertake actual design of overhead transmission systems In addition to the resources listed above in Context of and specific resources for assessment evidence should show demonstrated competency working realistic environment and a variety of conditions

Method of assessment

This Competency Standard Unit shall be assessed by methods given in Volume Part Assessment Guidelines Note Competent performance with inherent safe working practices is expected in the Industry to which this Competency Standard Unit applies This requires that the specified essential knowledge and associated skills are assessed in a structured environment which is primarily intended for learningassessment and incorporates all necessary equipment and facilities for learners to develop and demonstrate the essential knowledge and associated skills described in this unit

Concurrent assessment and relationship with other units
	There are no recommended concurrent assessments with this unit however in some cases efficiencies may be gained in terms of learning and assessment effort being concurrently managed

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Range Statement

10) This relates to the unit of competency as a whole providing the range of contexts and conditions to which the Performance Criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect performance. This Competency Standard Unit shall be demonstrated in relation to the design of overhead transmission systems and may include the following items or equipment: Manufacture’s data sheets, documents, drawings Manufacturers’ recommendations; Reliability performance profiles; Knowledge of local history and experience; Consultation with other Authorities; Environmental influences; Present practices. Equipment includes; Sectionalisers, air break switches, capacitor banks, transformer taps, metering and protection equipment, data communication systems Primary and secondary voltage and current injection equipment; time delay measuring equipment; Current transformers; Voltage transformers; Power transformers; Tapchangers; Circuit breakers; Capacitor banks; Ring main units; Audio frequency load control; Circuit breaker auxiliary systems; Substation and metal structure earthing systems; SCADA interfaces and transducer inputs; local opto-isolated alarms: PLC programs; Auto Reclosers (ACRs); protection relays; metering; control circuits; Statistical metering systems; Frame leakage relays; Distance relays; Pilot wire relays; Transformer differential relays; Busbar differential relays; Impedance bus zone relays; Overcurrent and earth fault relays; Transformer neutral check relays; Circuit breaker fail relays; Multi-trip relays; Auto recloser relays; Voltage transformer failure relays; Surge protection relays; Buchholz relays; Winding temperature relays; Sensitive earth fault relays; Phase failure relays; Frequency relays; Load shedding relays; General protection LV devices; Oil temperature protection devices; Oil surge protection devices; Power supplies. differential relays; power systems; multi-facetted schemes; interactive overload schemes, distance protection (incorporating relay selection, switched/non-switched schemes; mutual coupling and teed feeder systems); protection signalling (incorporating series, direct, permissive, distance acceleration, block interruption); telecommunication circuits and equipment. The following constants and variables included in the element/Performance Criteria in this unit are fully described in the Definitions Section 1 of this volume and form an integral part of the Range Statement of this unit: Appropriate and relevant persons (see Personnel) Appropriate authorities Appropriate work platform. Assessing risk Assessment Authorisation Confined space Diagnostic, testing and restoration. Documenting detail work events, record keeping and or storage of information. Drawings and specifications Emergency Environmental and sustainable energy procedures Environmental legislation. Environmental management documentation. Established procedures. Fall prevention Hazards Identifying hazards Inspect Legislation MSDS Notification. OHS practices OHS issues Permits and / or permits to work Personnel. Quality assurance systems. Requirements. Safe design principles Testing procedures Work clearance systems

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