Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills EKAS This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level required for this unit Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of developing and evaluating transmission switching programs All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies KSTSOA Discrete and interdependent protection operations KS01-TSO48A Discrete and interdependent protection operations Evidence shall show an understanding of discrete and interdependent protection operations to an extent indicated by the following aspects T Transmission distribution and rail systems encompassing Relationship between the transmission distribution and railtram system within an overall power system different organisations responsible for generation transmission distribution and railtram and how they correlate and their functions Characteristics of a transmission a distribution and a rail system principal components typical voltage levels and methods of transmission and distribution including grid type transmission systems radial parallel and ring main feeders Relationship between an overhead and underground supply systems within an overall power system advantagesdisadvantages applications and the basic steps for planning and installing an overhead and underground distribution system Single line drawings and layouts drawings and layouts of transmission and distribution systems including radial parallel and ring main feeders and the HV equipment associated with substations T Substations and power transformers encompassing Relationship between the substations within an overall power system purpose location in relation to load centres layout of HV equipment within the substation and auxiliary equipment Characteristics of a power transformer basic construction of distribution transformers operation under loadno load conditions types and basic operation of tap changing switches including solid state types efficiency and cooling Auxiliary equipment used on transformers function and basic operation Maintenance of a power transformer basic connections restrictions to parallel operation problems and remedies associated with harmonics testing and fault finding procedures Characteristics of a reactors description and purpose T High voltage fault switching principles encompassing Primary causes effects and types of HV electrical faults HV protection devices main components types categories applications functions Basic principle of operation of HV system protection devices Protection coordination and protection zoning HV feeder autoreclosing suppression encompassing function application Circuit condition requirements and switching considerations when paralleling and separating HV feeders T Detailed operation and setting of discrete protection systems encompassing Earth fault protection master earth leakage schemes sensitive earth fault relays and schemes residual earth fault scheme core balance earth fault scheme framestructure earth leakage scheme time graded discrimination backup protection Overcurrent protection feeder overcurrent protection instantaneous overcurrent schemes inverse timed overcurrent schemes types and location of components of an overcurrent scheme CT summation time graded discrimination backup protection Alarms and controls auxiliary relays voltage regulating relays line drop compensation gas relay types gas relay scheme operation and setting over temperature schemes T Detailed operation of interdependent protection systems encompassing Overcurrent and earth leakage schemes including intertripping interlocking and blocking logic mapping master control elctromechanical electronic shading coils Pilot wire phase comparison opposed voltage schemes circulating current schemes location of components of a scheme pilot supervisory techniques Load shedding voltage control parallel operation load rejection Busbar Protection and CB failure protection Reclose systems applications single shot multishot blocking schemes synchronisation checking |