Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills EKAS This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level required for this unit Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of conducting evaluation of power system faults within a substation All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies KSTTSA Power system substation faults evaluation KS01-TTS23A Power system substation faults evaluation Evidence shall show an understanding of power system substation faults evaluation to an extent indicated by the following aspects T OHS enterprise responsibilities encompassing Provisions of relevant health and safety legislation Principles and practice of effective occupational health and safety management Management arrangements relating to regulatory compliance Enterprise hazards and risks control measures and relevant expertise required Characteristics and composition of workforce and their impact on occupational health and safety management Relevance of enterprise management systems to occupational health and safety management Analysis of working environment and design of appropriate occupational health and safety management systems Analysis of relevant data and evaluation of occupational health and safety system effectiveness Assess resources to establish and maintain occupational health and safety management systems T Power distribution network documentation encompassing Requirements for the use of manuals system diagramsplans and drawings and for plans such as work method statements for the control of OHS risks Types and application of power distribution network documentation drawings and documents wiring and schematic diagrams drawings and switching symbols mechanical drawings dealing with the power distribution network project charts schedules graphs technical manuals and catalogues instructionworksheets sheets Interpretation of different diagrams and documentation on LV and HV systems overhead distribution extensions underground distribution extensions distribution substation street lighting system T Measurements and the interpretation and analysis of those measurements related to the plant andor equipment type encompassing Type of measurements timing current voltage capacitance inductance impedance phase angle phase shift resistance dielectric dissipation factor frequency polarisation index ratio vector group temperature Interpretation and analysis the use of techniques digital comparison of data extrapolation use of graphs and charts statistics and tables mathematical calculation of expected values and comparison with manufacturers data and measurements Techniques in the processes involved in followup actions and recommendations resulting from analysis and interpretation of results and measurements T System components and layouts encompassing Distribution system layouts overheadunderground urbanrural HV customers high rise building systems three phase lines single phase lines SWER systems spur parallel and ring systems typical substation types Transmission system layouts lines buses transformers and cables linebus layouts including single double ring and breaker and half systems HV crossing methods T Calculation of fault levels encompassing Calculation of fault levels in symmetrical and asymmetrical fault conditions types of faults interconnected and radial systems symmetrical components representation of voltages and currents sequence impedances of system plant calculationdetermination of sequence impedance networks determination of operative sequence impedances fault or arc impedances first approximation techniques Interrupting device capabilities determination of fault current breaking capability and let through energy capability of fuses and circuit breakers DC offset and transient condition effects T Protection system types encompassing Requirements of a protection scheme relationship to primary system design purpose of protection safety of persons protection of plant system instability system break up loss of customers loss of revenue protection zones restricted schemes unrestricted schemes duplicate protection local backup protection remote backup protection selectivity discrimination stability sensitivity reliability Components of a protection scheme current transformers potential transformers summation current transformers interposing transformers multitapped transformers allornothing relays induction relays balanced beam relays directional relays biased relays solid state relays microprocessor based relays gas relays thermal sensors hardwired communication powerline carriers systems microwave systems fibre optic systems need for isolation need for interfacing Protection applied to buses overload differential earth leakage structure leakage combined schemes protection overlap Protection applied to transformers biased differential gas winding temperature oil temperature Protection applied to singleradial lines overcurrent earth leakage slow earth leakage distance auto reclose sectionalising over voltage Protection applied to interconnected lines overcurrent pilot wire directional directional overcurrent current differential phase comparison current comparison distance impedance admittance offset T Detailed operation and setting of discrete protection systems encompassing Earth fault protection master earth leakage schemes sensitive earth fault relays and schemes residual earth fault scheme core balance earth fault scheme framestructure earth leakage scheme time graded discrimination backup protection Overcurrent protection feeder overcurrent protection instantaneous overcurrent schemes inverse timed overcurrent schemes types and location of components of an overcurrent scheme CT summation time graded discrimination backup protection Alarms and controls auxiliary relays voltage regulating relays line drop compensation gas relay types gas relay scheme operation and setting over temperature schemes T Detailed operation of interdependent protection systems encompassing Overcurrent and earth leakage schemes including intertripping interlocking and blocking logic mapping master control electromechanical electronic shading coils Pilot wire phase comparison opposed voltage schemes circulating current schemes location of components of a scheme pilot supervisory techniques Load shedding voltage control parallel operation load rejection Busbar Protection and CB failure protection Reclose systems applications single shot multishot blocking schemes synchronisation checking T Detailed operation of complex protection systems encompassing Distance characteristics electromechanical electronic impedance mho offset mho switched schemes nonswitched schemes blocking schemes bus zone Differential transformer differential bus overcurrent principles feeder protection transformer protection bias systems harmonic restraint CT connections bus protection low impedance schemes high impedance schemes bus overcurrent schemes generator protection CT connections special considerations digital systems Types of revenue metering Applications of SCADA Complex protection systems for communications Harmonic control Point on wave switching |