Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills EKAS This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level required for this unit Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of maintaining testing and commissioning voltage regulating equipment All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies KSTTSA Power systems voltage regulating equipment KS01-TTS31A Power systems voltage regulating equipment Evidence shall show an understanding of power systems voltage regulating equipment to an extent indicated by the following aspects T OHS enterprise responsibilities encompassing Provisions of relevant health and safety legislation Principles and practice of effective occupational health and safety management Management arrangements relating to regulatory compliance Enterprise hazards and risks control measures and relevant expertise required Characteristics and composition of workforce and their impact on occupational health and safety management Relevance of enterprise management systems to occupational health and safety management Analysis of working environment and design of appropriate occupational health and safety management systems Analysis of relevant data and evaluation of occupational health and safety system effectiveness Assess resources to establish and maintain occupational health and safety management systems T Generation systems encompassing Methods of generating electricity types of power stations and reasons for their location layout of thermal and hydroelectric power stations Relationship between power control and load requirements operating speeds for thermal and hydroelectric generating sets typical generator voltage levels and output ratings The purpose and features of typical types of cogeneration systems T Transmission distribution and rail systems encompassing Relationship between the transmission distribution and railtram system within an overall power system different organisations responsible for generation transmission distribution and railtram and how they correlate and their functions Characteristics of a transmission a distribution and a rail system principal components typical voltage levels and methods of transmission and distribution including grid type transmission systems radial parallel and ring main feeders Relationship between an overhead and underground supply systems within an overall power system advantagesdisadvantages applications and the basic steps for planning and installing an overhead and underground distribution system Single line drawings and layouts drawings and layouts of transmission and distribution systems including radial parallel and ring main feeders and the HV equipment associated with substations T Substations power transformers and reactors encompassing Relationship between the substations within an overall power system purpose location in relation to load centres layout of HV equipment within the substation and auxiliary equipment Characteristics of a power transformer basic construction of distribution transformers operation under loadno load conditions types and basic operation of tap changing switches including solid state types efficiency and cooling Auxiliary equipment used on transformers function and basic operation of equipment Maintenance of a power transformer basic connections restrictions to parallel operation problems and remedies associated with harmonics testing and fault finding procedures Description purpose and characteristics of a reactors T Coordinating access authority procedures encompassing Specific enterprise processes policies and procedures to be followed Processes of consultation negotiation and coordination clear and concise instructions and information methods for the encouragement of feedback and contributions of information and ideas responsibilities of members of the team Techniques in analysing planning coordination and organising work for a safe outcome and according to statutory requirements and regulations Techniques in the effective utilisation of available resources Techniques in the development of an access authoritypermit andor access authoritypermit issuing procedures Techniques in facilitating and coordinating the delivery and issuing of access authorities Techniques in gathering collating and confirming data on different worksites electrical network diagrams for the specific work site earth access authorities safe working area work to be carried out in confined space or in hazardous environment specific outsourcing procedures specific hazard identification risk classification and management procedures regulatory requirements such as Occupational Health and Safety and electrical safety Techniques in the receiving and coordinating the cancellation of access authorities in readiness for restoration Methods of conducting audits on correct access authority procedures Process of issuing of other access authorities for work permits working in confined space if required coordination of access authorities engaging and briefing contractors on electrical and other work Issue and receipt of operating agreements T Principles of Statutory and safety considerations encompassing CommonwealthStateTerritory legislation standards codes supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with working on High Voltage Particular reference to State and Territory regulations regarding working near energised conductors electrical access heights confined space testing procedures licensing rules T HV system switching principles including switching authorisation procedures to an extent indicated by the following aspects Legislation Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to system switching Requirements for the use of manuals system diagramsplans and drawings Types and characteristics of HV systems and equipment to be switched Procedures for obtaining correct HV switching authorisation identification of OHS hazards assessing and controlling risks Safety procedures and precautions safe approach distances responsibilities and protocols identifying switching resources procedures for obtaining electrical access permits authorities Requirements for team switching procedures for coordination of operations Techniques in HV system switching preswitching checks switching operational procedures isolation procedures and proving dead deenergised earthing procedures switching operational procedures emergency fault procedures energisation procedures T LV system switching principles including switching authorisation procedures encompassing Legislation Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to system switching Requirements for the use of manuals system diagramsplans and drawings Types and characteristics of LV systems and equipment to be switched Procedures for obtaining correct LV switching authorization identification of OHS hazards assessing and controlling risks safety procedures and precautions safe approach distances responsibilities and protocols identifying switching resources procedures for obtaining electrical access permits authorities requirements for team switching procedures for coordination of operations Techniques in LV system switching isolation procedures and proving dead earthing procedures preswitching checks switching operational procedures emergency fault procedures energisation procedures T Enterprise Specific Equipment Installation Procedures encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to equipment installation Requirements for the use of manuals substation diagramsplans and drawings Types characteristics and capabilities of HV substation equipment to be installed Identification of components within the equipment to be Installed and associated control housings Use characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and equipment Enterprise Specific Policies and Procedures for equipment to be installed Control equipment and auxiliary relays flags and alarms Techniques in evaluating serviceability of equipment to be Installed Safety precautions when testing and measuring equipment to be Installed safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards assessment and control of OHS risks types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment responsibilities and protocols safe working clearances Remote and local operating principles and conventions T Principles of power transformer construction and operations encompassing Transformer types shell core auto double wound three phase single phase and combinations of these types step up and step down transformers transmission and generation types Reactor types shunt and series applications and design considerations Iron circuit characteristics steel types losses and techniques used to eliminate excess eddy currents and other circulating currents Winding configurations and construction techniques helical spiral disc interleaved disc types Insulation methods and techniques fully insulated windings and graded insulation techniques oil filled and gas filled power transformers Transformer and reactor ratings losses and efficiency equivalent circuits and vector relationships impedance percent Nameplate details BIL tapping winding detail physical layout cooling ratings physical details Transformer and reactor cooling types and their effects on design and rating Transformer and reactor auxiliaries temperature indicators over pressure devices and control systems Winding configurations starstar stardelta starzigzag nomenclature and common methods of diagrammatic representation of winding configuration Operating constraints as single units and in parallel Tapping windings placement issues tapping range OLTC versus off load TC techniques types in use high speed resistor reactor and vacuum types Jansen mechanisms dead tank and live tank types control system characteristics High voltage bushing selection type insulation system used rating BIL selection criteria testing considerations T Principles of power transformer construction and operations encompassing Applications of static reactive plant in high voltage networks including voltage control VAR control transient response capacity Types of static reactive plant including high voltage capacitors high voltage reactors static VAR compensators and combinations of these Operating characteristics and operational constraints including point on wave switching issues Ratings cooling systems and control systems and ancillary equipment used Configurations and system layout including single star double star bridge type Typical protection systems used including neutral unbalance current neutral unbalance voltage Techniques used when balancing elements within static reactive plant Safety precautions when testing and maintaining high voltage static reactive plant safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards assessment and control of OHS risks types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment T Principles of power transformer high speed on load tap changers encompassing Selector types and applications for high voltage power transformers Diverter switch types and applications for high voltage power transformers including live tank dead tank resistor type reactor type vacuum type pennant flag pennant cycle Ratings and construction principles Operating mechanism types stored energy systems and associated control systems Operating principles and operating sequences of selectors and diverters Measurement requirements including contacts differential wear transition resistors and transient protection devices rotation lag out of sequence controls and endoflife unit and component assessment Online diagnostic tools and devices Ancillary equipment including online filters over pressure relays and devices Testing requirements including cycle timing differential delay energy accumulator mechanical and operational tests and control system functional tests Safety precautions when testing and maintaining high voltage power transformer on load tap changers safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards assessment and control of OHS risks types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment T Circuit breaker construction principles encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to circuit breakers Requirements for the use of manuals circuit breaker diagramsplans and drawings Types characteristics and capabilities of HV substation circuit breakers installed Use characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and equipment Identification of components within the circuit breaker and associated control housings Identification of energy sources within the circuit breaker and associated control housings Identification of insulation paths within the circuit breaker Types and characteristics of operating mechanisms Types and characteristics of interrupter chambers Safety precautions when Constructing circuit breakers safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards assessment and control of OHS risks types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment T Synchronous Condenser Principles encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to Synchronous Condensers Requirements for the use of manuals substation diagramsplans and drawings Types characteristics and capabilities of Synchronous Condensers installed Identification of components within the Synchronous Condensers and associated control housings Use characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and equipment Enterprise Specific Policies and Procedures for Synchronous Condensers Techniques in evaluating serviceability of Synchronous Condensers operation Safety precautions when testing and measuring Synchronous Condensers safe working practices and procedures identification of hazards assessment and control of OHS risks types selection maintenance and use of personal protective equipment responsibilities and protocols safe working clearances communicating worksite procedures T Operation and maintenance procedures associated with voltage regulation schemes encompassing Standards codes CommonwealthStateTerritory legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the operating procedures Requirements for the use of operating manuals system diagramsplans and drawings Principles of operation and operating sequences voltage control VAR control Live BusDead Bus synchronising checks tap changer principles requirements for parallel operations settings grading Techniques associated with isolation requirements enterprise maintenance requirements setting checks LV injections electrical measurements Ancillary equipment which may include transducers Buswire schemes tap position indicators localremote control systems alarm systems Voltage regulation scheme types which may include electro mechanical microprocessor or combinations of both T Electrical equipment associated with distribution field device protection and control schemes encompassing Types and applications of electrical equipment characteristics capabilities schemes automatic circuit reclosers ACRs gas switches secondary injection tests primary injection tests TMR Radios SCADA remote control overcurrent earth fault sensitive earth fault inverse time curves definite time curves tripping reclose DC supplies AC supplies and alarms T Voltage control techniques encompassing Conditions leading to voltage collapse Effects on system of high and low voltage Voltage control devices voltage regulators applied to generators and synchronous phase modifiers electromagnetic voltage regulators series and parallel capacitors OLTC transformers and static VAR compensators SVCs SVCs includes saturated reactor compensators thyristor controlled reactor compensators and combined systems Production of harmonics and methods of harmonic control Location of voltage control devices within the system T Voltage control devices encompassing Typical devices applications and capacities Estimation of rating of VAR regulating devices using graphical techniques T Transient overvoltages encompassing Causes and effects of transient overvoltages switching transients and lightning transients effects on plant items Control techniques and systems surge diverters shield wires and CB arc control Insulation systems insulation systems insulation coordination and insulation grading T Commissioning procedures associated with relevant equipment encompassing Standards codes CommonwealthStateTerritory legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the commissioning procedures Requirements for the use of commissioning manuals system diagramsplans and drawings Techniques in commissioning procedures planning policy testing techniques close out requirements T Procedures for the location and rectification of faults in electrical equipment up to volts AC and or volts DC encompassing Relationship of Occupational Health and Safety to the location and rectification of faults in electrical equipment Act and regulations identification of personal safety workplace hazards working with electrically operated tools and equipment emergency First Aidresuscitation rescue from a live electrical situation enterprise policies and procedures Types of drawings differentiation between symptoms faults and causes in malfunctioning equipment faultfinding techniques and procedures Fundamental electrical concepts effects of current practical resistors sources of EMF series parallel and seriesparallel circuits electrical measurement capacitors inductors magnetism Fundamentals of general appliances basic principles of appliances non mathematical appliance identification appliance ratings basic principles of operation of control equipment and protection devices fault conditions and symptoms safe isolation procedures test equipment safe testing procedures including continuity fault types in appliances faultfinding procedures prescriptive Fundamentals of single phase induction motors basic principles of operation non mathematical motor identification motor ratings basic principles of operation of control equipment and protection devices fault conditions and symptoms safe isolation procedures test equipment safe testing procedure including continuity fault types in phase splitting and universal type motors faultfinding procedures prescriptive Fundamentals of three phase induction motors basic principles of operation non mathematical motor identification motor ratings motor starter principles basic principles of operation of control equipment and protection devices fault conditions and symptoms safe isolation procedures safe testing procedure faultfinding procedures prescriptive Fundamentals of single and three phase electrical heaters basic principles of operation types of electrical heaters electrical heater identification electrical heater ratings basic principles of operation of control and protection devices fault conditions and symptoms safe testing procedure faultfinding procedures prescriptive T Disconnection and reconnection procedures for fixed wiring electrical equipment up to volts AC and or volts DC encompassing Safe electrical work practices and procedures according to standards such as ASNZ or equivalent Safe use of tools and plant Safe use of ladders and elevated work platforms Safe use of protective clothing Hazards in the electrical work environment shock hazards fire hazards chemical hazards other hazardous areas Special situations Procedures for dealing with fires associated with electrical equipment Procedures for dealing with PCBs Electric shock victim rescue methods and procedures basic First Aid treatment for shock burns and bleeding Purpose of each procedure and application expired air resuscitation EAR external cardiaccompression ECC cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR combined application of EAR and ECC purpose of each procedure and application Components of a basic electrical circuits source control protection load Types of circuit diagrams symbols conventions interpretations free sketches Types of circuit connections and functions open circuit closed circuit short circuit Techniques in basic electrical measurement use of multimeters use of ammeter use of voltage measuring and indicating devices testing of measuring instruments care of measuring instruments voltage current and resistance measurement estimating values of voltage current and resistance using ohms law Fundamental principles of electrical concepts effects of current practical resistors sources of EMF simple practical circuit series parallel and seriesparallel circuits electrical measurement capacitors inductors magnetism Techniques in insulation resistance measurement and requirements Earthing principles and systems T Disconnection and reconnection procedures for fixed wiring electrical equipment up to volts AC and or volts DC encompassing Methods for testing insulation resistance continuity of prospective earthing conductor continuity between exposed conductive parts and the earthing system Methods of recognising acceptable test results for compliance with safety requirements Methods of recognising unacceptable test results and require an appropriate qualified person to further investigation Cable types and conductor termination methods and techniques conductors solid stranded and flexible colour codes Single and three phase systems and loads number of active and live conductors required line and phase voltage typical loads Identification and rating of general appliances Single phase induction motors motor identification motor ratings direction of rotation Three phase induction motors motor identification motor ratings direction of rotation Single and three phase heaters types of heaters heater identification heater ratings Electrical distribution arrangement power systems within premises purpose of switchboardsdistribution boards residual current devices and ELCBs Circuit isolation and protection devices Isolation procedures work clearance testing for voltage lockoff and tagging techniques in isolation and tagging regulation codes of practice and procedures Disconnection procedures practices and requirements Types of replacement equipment Methods of ensuring equipment is safe to connect to supply Methods of reconnection procedures practices and requirements Methods of return equipment to service T Effects of harmonics encompassing Characteristics and effects of harmonics on protection device functionsmalfunction Effects of harmonics on transformers generators motors quality of supply T Procedure for the systematic fault isolation through the application of diagnostic techniques encompassing Principles of analytical questioning Techniques in drawing valid conclusions from first observations Concepts of broad firstline testing Consideration ofresponsibility for avoidance of further damage Interpretation of specific test results causeeffect Techniques for isolation to appropriate level halfsplit modulefunction isolation kernel technique substitution diagnostic software requirements for the use of manuals system diagramsplans drawings handbooks specifications and fault pathways Softwarefirmware functions awareness Factors affecting field versus workshop repair costs Scheduling minormajor repair activities downtime Implications of temporary repairs Use of system knowledge and history Data interpretation expected versus actual Feedback to designproductioninstallation processes Subsystems and system structures System signalsstatus indicators Known failure modes and trends Action threshold warnings versus catastrophic failure Component ratingsupgrades Disassemblyreassembly techniques and care Relative costs of repair and replacement remaining life ongoing maintenance additional benefits of replacement equipment eg improved productivity quality T Protection schemes encompassing Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to protection schemes Types of protection schemes reasons for use application of protection zones around system elements degree of protection Types of feeder protection equipment over current protection inverse timecurrent operating characteristics Operation of over current protection equipment used on distribution systems Operation of ACRs and their timecurrent characteristics Types and characteristics of overcurrent relays Coordination methods of a distribution feeder protection scheme Earth fault protection used on a distribution feeder Operation of a single wire earth return SWER system T EHV generator control systems encompassing Legislation Standards codes legislation supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements pertaining to the operation of a portable generator Safety precautions specific to the synchronisation of generator sets safe working policies practices and procedures synchronising procedures Techniques in the installation of generator sets control systems the synchronising of generator control systems onto and off the network without interruption to supply estimation of EHV load assessing the appropriateness of the generator Operating a generator in parallel to a single EHV job overhead systems indoor systems customer installations kiosk substations EHV generator set and control system to EHV Distribution assets |