REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS |
This describes the essential knowledge and skills and their level required for this unit.
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Required knowledge:
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ATC rules and procedures:
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Airways clearance requirements for operating in all classes of airspace, including lead time required for flight plan submission, contents, 'clearance void time', and 'readback' requirement
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Airways clearance requirements for entering, operating in and departing CTA and CTR, including what details to provide to ATC, and what details to expect from ATC
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Controlled area protection
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ATC requirements for a change of level in CTA, including in an emergency situation
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Departure, climb, transition to cruise (levelling out), cruise, change of levels, descent and visual approach procedures, day and night, in CTA and CTR
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Separation provisions between IFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in the various classes of CTA
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Separation provisions between IFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in GAAP CTR
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Radio procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes
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Loss of radio communication procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes
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Abnormal operations and/or emergency procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes
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Radar services that are provided by ATC
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Radar vectoring procedures, including radio procedures and phraseologies
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Maximum permissible time interval is between ATC transmissions during radar vectoring
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Radar emergency procedures, including loss of radio communication, radar failure, transponder emergency codes, and aircraft emergencies
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Departure, climb, transition to cruise (levelling out), cruise, change of levels, descent, and arrival procedures in Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes
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Visual approach procedures, day and night, in Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes, including landing manoeuvres, cancellation of SARWATCH, and operation of VHF aerodrome lighting (PAL)
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Requirements and procedure for a diversion to an alternate aerodrome
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NDB:
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Effects of coastal refraction, night error, thunderstorms, mountainous areas, types of terrain and altitude of aircraft on NDB indications or range
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Methods of selecting and using the most appropriate NDB for tracking during navigation
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NDB tracking techniques, procedures and limitations
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Procedures for sector entry and holding using the NDB
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VOR:
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VOR instrument settings required to provide command indications when flying on given tracks both to and from the VOR
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VOR tracking techniques, procedures and limitations
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Procedures for sector entry and holding using the VOR
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GPS:
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Principles of operation, performance limitations and errors of a GPS system
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Methods of position fixing using a GPS system
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GPS operating procedures which provide safeguards against navigational errors and loss of situational awareness
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GPS operating procedures for typical navigational tasks using a specific type of aircraft equipment
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Indications of waypoint passage
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GPS operational and serviceability checks
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Human factors limitations associated with the use of GPS equipment
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Requirements applicable to pilots and equipment for GPS operations
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Parameters applicable to tracking tolerances, automatic waypoint sequencing, CDI sensitivity and RAIM availability
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Mode of operation required during each segment of a GPS/NPA, the conditions required to transition to and operate in that mode, and the associated CDI sensitivity and RAIM protection provided
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Parameters applicable to RAIM warnings in the en route, terminal and approach modes
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Effect of availability or otherwise of baro-aiding on RAIM availability and prediction
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Effect of satellite unserviceability on the reliability of each type of prediction
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Effect of each type of RAIM prediction operational requirements
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Operational requirements which apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV (GNSS) procedure at the destination
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Factors that may adversely affect the conduct of a GPS/NPA and explain suitable pilot procedures to minimise such effects
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Operating procedures for GNSS equipment which reduce or eliminate errors due to any of these factors
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Required skills:
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Perform the navigational functions within the parameters of the applicable regulations, orders and operations manual procedures
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Maintain compliance with regulatory requirements
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Select and use appropriate navigational instruments and aids
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Source and interpret aviation weather forecast products and services appropriate to flight planning and navigation procedures
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Apply air safety practices and regulations
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Recognise significant variances from forecast meteorological conditions and take appropriate actions, including the issue of an AIREP
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NDB:
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Determine NDB station passage, abeam NDB station, NDB bearing the aircraft is on, track error and/or drift experienced, from ADF relative bearing indications
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Calculate track to and from the NDB, given heading and relative bearings
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Calculate heading to steer to intercept a new or original track to or from a NDB
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Calculate heading to steer to intercept desired inbound track before reaching the NDB
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Calculate relative bearing which will indicate that a desired track to or from a NDB has been intercepted, given the intercept heading
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Fix position, given relative bearing indications utilising two NDB stations
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VOR:
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Determine scalloping, VOR station passage, abeam VOR station, VOR radial the aircraft is on, track error and/or drift experienced, from VOR cockpit indications
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Determine off-track distance experienced from VOR and DME cockpit indications
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Calculate the heading to steer to intercept a new or original track to or from a VOR
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Fix position, given cockpit instrument indications utilising two VOR stations
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Fix position, given instrument indications utilising combinations of VOR, NDB and DME
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GPS:
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Interpret typical GPS navigational displays LAT/Long, distance and bearing to waypoint, CDI
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Maintain interception and maintenance of GPS defined tracks
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Determine TMG, GS, ETA, time and distance to WPT, WV in flight
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Recognise and take appropriate action for GPS warnings and messages
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Predict RAIM availability at destination and ETA
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Predict within 1 hour before departure the availability of approach RAIM at the destination or alternate aerodrome within 15 minutes of ETA, and limitations that apply to the prediction
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Apply operational requirements which apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV (GNSS) procedure at the destination
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Communicate effectively with others when navigating an aircraft - IFR
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Read and interpret instructions, regulations, procedures and other information relevant to navigating an aircraft - IFR
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Interpret and follow operational instructions and prioritise work
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Complete documentation related to navigating an aircraft - IFR
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Operate electronic communication equipment to required protocol
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Work collaboratively with others when navigating an aircraft - IFR
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Adapt appropriately to cultural differences in the workplace, including modes of behaviour and interactions with others
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Promptly report and/or rectify any identified problems that may occur when navigating an aircraft - IFR in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures
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Implement contingency plans for unexpected events that may arise when navigating an aircraft - IFR
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Apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate hazards that may exist while navigating an aircraft - IFR
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Monitor and anticipate operational problems and hazards and take appropriate action
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Monitor work activities in terms of planned schedule
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Modify activities dependent on differing workplace contingencies, situations and environments
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Work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self others, or damage to goods or equipment
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Adapt to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures
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Select and use required personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to industry and OH&S standards
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Implement OH&S procedures and relevant regulations
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Identify and correctly use equipment required when navigating an aircraft - IFR
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