8) Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills (EKAS): This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit. Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of analysing and appraising fault and outage data. All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies. KS01-TDS48A Power system fault and outage data Evidence shall show an understanding of the analysis and appraisal power system fault and outage data design of power system zone substations modifications to an extent indicated by the following aspects: T1 Principles of high voltage encompassing: Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, Standards, codes, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with working on or near High Voltage Electrical and electrostatic principles related to high voltage lines - relationship of current, voltage and resistance as related to transmission lines and relationship of phase voltage and respective line voltages, production of an electric field encompassing: units, effect of distance, potential of an object within the field and the effect of distances to the potential HV insulators - construction of a disc insulator, construction of a polymeric insulator, effects of an electrical field on disc insulators, identification of the number of disc insulators needed for a single line voltage, performance of a failed disc insulator on the line and the system, determining the minimum allowable number of discs per string for each line voltage in the system before bare-hand work is to proceed, techniques in detecting a failed disc in a string, techniques in using appropriate tools and equipment to test a string and methods of recording data Effects of electrostatic induction on the human body - relationship of the resistance of a human body to different levels of current and voltage, relationship of a human body to an electric field and effects of electrostatic induction on bare-hand work Application of Faraday’s cage - effects of a body, advantages and description of the Faraday’s cage used by bare-hand live-line workers Safety precautions working on or near High Voltage electrical apparatus - safe approach distances from live line, identification of OHS hazards, assessing and controlling risks, types, selection, maintenance, storage and uses of personnel protective equipment, permit to work systems and isolation procedures, types and function of specialised live working equipment, safe working policies, procedures and practices when using and operating specialised equipment, methods of using specialised equipment and emergency response and rescue including First Aid etc Effects of lighting and switching surges on performance off string insulators - health effects to workers and methods used to alleviate surges on transmission lines Magnetic field - difference between magnetic fields and electrostatic fields, source of magnetic field, techniques in locating, measuring and analysing known sources of magnetic fields, reasons for monitoring magnetic field exposure and techniques used to monitor magnetic fields T2 Electrical equipment associated with protection and control schemes encompassing: Types and applications of electrical equipment encompassing characteristics and capabilities - the following schemes, overcurrent, frame leakage, cooling, buchholz, DC supplies, restricted earth, sensitive earth fault, CB fail, reclose, DC frame leakage, CEL Fail, under frequency load shed and earth fault T3 Installation of switchgear and associated equipment encompassing: Types and function of various switchgear - isolators, air-break switches, gas-filled switches, vacuum type, links, fuses, oil disconnectors, fuse switches circuit breakers, operating characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of different types switchgear, installation procedures, earthing, requirements and techniques Types of equipment - transformers, reactors, regulators, capacitors, relays, surge arrestors, fault indicators and mobile generators Installation procedures for switchgear and equipment - standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements, assembly and erecting procedures, earthing requirements and techniques and pole mounted locations Maintenance procedures for switchgear and equipment - diagnosing and rectifying faults according to electricity supply industry standards and procedures Testing and commissioning - electricity supply industry standards and procedures T4 Low voltage switching principles encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to switching of low voltage to a given schedule Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings - types, characteristics and capabilities of electrical apparatus, use, characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and testing equipment and LV network interconnectors source of possible backfeed Low voltage switching techniques - identifying hazards, assessing and controlling risks associated with LV switching operations, electrical access permit(s), operational procedures and earthing procedures Personnel protective equipment (PPE) for LV switching T5 High voltage switching principles encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to switching of high voltage to a given schedule Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings - types, characteristics and capabilities of electrical apparatus, use, characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and testing equipment and network interconnectors source of possible backfeed Role of the HV switching operator Operational forms, access authorities and permits associated with HV switching - types of operational forms, access authorities and permits, purpose and procedure for operational forms, access authorities and permits Use and operation of equipment associated with HV overhead and substation equipment - test instruments, sticks, interrupters and arc stranglers Types and categories of HV switchgear Application, function and operating capabilities of switchgear Restrictions pertaining to HV switching equipment Procedures for the isolation of HV transmission main and working earths Earthing HV electrical apparatus practices and procedures for access - purposes of “Operational” and additional work part “on-site” earths, factors determining the location and effectiveness of “Operational” earthing, acceptable industry procedures and personal protective equipment High voltage switching techniques Operate switching apparatus - identifying hazards, assessing and controlling risks associated with HV switchgear operation, systematic and defensive techniques, mobile radio procedures and double isolation procedures T6 High voltage fault switching principles encompassing: Primary causes, effects and types of HV electrical faults HV protection devices - main components, types, categories, applications and functions Basic principle of operation of HV system protection devices Protection co-ordination and protection “zoning” HV feeder auto-reclosing suppression - function and application Circuit condition requirements and switching considerations when paralleling and separating HV feeders T7 High voltage distribution transformer principles encompassing: Operation of HV distribution transformers - principle governing factors for transformer ratings, protection and alarms, operating limitations and the relationship between transformer and HV fuse rating, purpose and principle operation of HV distribution transformer tap changers, HV distribution transformer and transformer — cable combination switching practices, paralleling requirements, isolation and earthing procedures for access, common distribution transformer and associated electrical apparatus faults HV underground switching equipment - arc stranglers, switch operation, load break elbows, switching cubicles, canister fuses, bayonet fuses, F and G switching cubicles, voltage indicators and phasing testers T8 Feeder automation system encompassing: Function of feeder automation system and the main components Operation procedure for a remote field device from a local control station Functions of “System Control and Date Acquisition” (SCADA) (or any other relevant Data Acquisition and Control) systems and its main components SCADA system security interlocks and access restrictions SCADA system operation when switching apparatus or retrieving data via a remote access device such as; Remote Access Terminal (RAT), Dial Up Voice Annunciated System and Local Control Station Function of the main components of a local/remote control system Operation of a field devices using SCADA systems via a Remote Access Terminal (RAT), Dial Up Annunciated System and Local Control Station T9 Methodology in analysing network event records encompassing: Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority, regulations Standards, codes, and or enterprise requirements applicable to the analysis of critical events Requirements for the use of critical event data, manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Sources of critical event data Analyse and assess network event records and relevant data.-the use of event records and data to analyse and develop optimal network restoration strategies taking into account public and employee safety, enterprise reliability guidelines and resource availability Safety policies, procedures and precautions related to critical events - Occupational Health and Safety hazards and precautions, identification of OHS hazards, assessing and controlling risks, types, selection, maintenance, storage and uses of personnel protective equipment, checking integrity of the system for minimum disruption, effective communication methods and chain of command and emergency response and rescue including First Aid procedures. |