8) Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills (EKAS): This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit. Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of maintaining network protection and control systems (interdependent). All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies. KS01-TTS21A Interdependent network protection and control systems Evidence shall show an understanding of the interdependent network protection and control systems to an extent indicated by the following aspects: T1 Principles of Statutory and safety considerations encompassing: Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, standards, codes, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with working on High Voltage Particular reference to State and Territory regulations regarding - working near energised conductors, electrical access, heights, confined space, testing procedures, licensing rules. T2 Electrical equipment associated with protection and control schemes encompassing: Types and applications of electrical equipment – characteristics, capabilities (schemes: overcurrent, frame leakage, cooling, buchholz, DC supplies, restricted earth, sensitive earth fault, CB fail, reclose, DC frame leakage, CEL Fail, under frequency load shed and earth fault) T3 Principles of isolation and tagging procedures associated with protection testing encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the installation, maintenance, isolation and tagging procedures Requirements for the use of, isolation and tagging, manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Techniques in documenting isolations Techniques in appropriate isolation and tagging procedures as per Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and enterprise standards Techniques in the installation and maintenance procedures protection devices as per Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and enterprise standards T4 Maintenance and commissioning procedures associated with discrete protection schemes encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the maintenance and commissioning procedures Requirements for the use of maintenance and commissioning manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Techniques in maintenance and commissioning procedures – planning, policy, testing techniques Close out requirements T5 Relay manufacturer specifications encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the use and application of relay manufacturer specifications Requirements for the use of relay manufacturer manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Types, function and characteristics of specific relays - differences between specific relays used for the same functionality T6 Safe handling and/or disposing of insulation materials used in power distribution devices, which are potential environmental pollutants encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the handling and disposing of insulation or heat dissipation materials used in power distribution devices Identification of environmental issues associated with the handling and disposing of insulation materials Safety precautions when handling and disposing of heat dissipation materials - safe working practices, Occupational Health and Safety hazards and precautions, identification of hazards, assessing and controlling risks, types, selection, maintenance and uses of personnel protective equipment, permit to work systems and isolation procedures, types and function of specialised equipment, safe working practices when using specialised equipment, emergency response and rescue including First Aid etc. Techniques in the handling and disposing of insulation materials - Polychlorinated Bi-Phenyls (PCB’s), asbestos, insulating Oil, SF6 gas. T7 Procedure to undertake a visual inspection of a scheme encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with visual inspection procedures of a scheme Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Identify obvious deficiencies in operating to the standard functionality Techniques in determining relay malfunction - targeting Techniques in determining wiring defects T8 Operation and maintenance procedures associated with discrete protection and control systems encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with operating procedures Requirements for the use of operating manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Techniques - gas collection and analysis, bleeding and resetting, calibration, operational and sensitivity checks, trip and alarm checks Surge relay types and uses, including transformer main tanks, diverter switch chambers T9 Measurements and the interpretation and analysis of those measurements related to the plant and/or equipment type encompassing: Type of measurements - timing, current, voltage, capacitance, inductance, impedance, phase angle, phase shift, resistance, dielectric dissipation factor, frequency, polarisation index, ratio, vector group, temperature Interpretation and analysis the use of techniques - digital comparison of data, extrapolation, use of graphs and charts, statistics and tables, mathematical calculation of expected values and comparison with manufacturers data and measurements Techniques in the processes involved in follow-up actions and recommendations resulting from analysis and interpretation of results and measurements. T10 Infrared imaging principles encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to Infrared Imaging Requirements for the use of manuals, substation diagrams/plans and drawings Types of enterprise specific computer software Techniques in storing and retrieving data and reports from the computer Use, characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and equipment Enterprise Specific Policies and Procedures for Infrared Imaging reporting Techniques in evaluating serviceability of circuit breaker operation Procedures for obtaining correct HV switchyard arrangements - identification of hazards and controlling risks, safety procedures and precautions, responsibilities and protocols, identifying switching resources Safety precautions when testing and measuring equipment with Infrared Imaging - safe working practices and procedures, identification of hazards, assessment and control of OHS risks, types, selection, maintenance and use of personal protective equipment, responsibilities and protocols. T11 Commissioning procedures associated with distribution protection and control systems encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the commissioning procedures Requirements for the use of commissioning manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Techniques in commissioning procedures – planning, policy, testing techniques Close out requirements T12 Operation and maintenance procedures associated with voltage regulation schemes encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the operating procedures Requirements for the use of operating manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Principles of operation and operating sequences - voltage control, VAR control, Live Bus/Dead Bus synchronising checks, tap changer principles, requirements for parallel operations, settings, grading Techniques associated with - isolation requirements, enterprise maintenance requirements, setting checks, LV injections, electrical measurements Ancillary equipment which may include transducers, Buswire schemes, tap position indicators, local/remote control systems, alarm systems Voltage regulation scheme types which may include electro mechanical, micro-processor or combinations of both. T13 Types and applications of test equipment encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the use and application of electrical and/or electronic test equipment Types and applications of test equipment used on discrete protection scheme Techniques in the use of test equipment - electronic test equipment (Doble, Ohmnicrome), gas injection equipment, manufactures test equipment, multimeters, phase angle meters, meggers. T14 Electrical equipment associated with distribution field device protection and control schemes encompassing: Types and applications of electrical equipment – characteristics, capabilities (schemes: automatic circuit reclosers (ACR’s), gas switches, secondary injection tests, primary injection tests, TMR Radio’s, SCADA, remote control, overcurrent, earth fault, sensitive earth fault, inverse time curves, definite time curves, tripping, reclose, DC supplies, AC supplies and alarms) T15 Circuit breaker auxiliary systems encompassing: Types and characteristics of high pressure air systems including air storage and air handling processes Types and characteristics of DC systems including battery types, charging systems, protection systems Types and characteristics of special ambient gases (SF6) systems including gas conditioning, storage and handling systems Types and characteristics of vacuum interrupters Types and characteristics of oil filled and oil handling T16 Detailed operation and setting of discrete protection systems encompassing: Earth fault protection - master earth leakage schemes, sensitive earth fault relays and schemes, residual earth fault scheme, core balance earth fault scheme, frame/structure earth leakage scheme, time graded discrimination, backup protection Overcurrent protection - feeder overcurrent protection, instantaneous overcurrent schemes, inverse timed overcurrent schemes, types and location of components of an overcurrent scheme, CT summation, time graded discrimination, backup protection Alarms and controls - auxiliary relays, voltage regulating relays, line drop compensation, gas relay types, gas relay scheme operation and setting, over temperature schemes T17 Detailed operation of interdependent protection systems encompassing: Overcurrent and earth leakage schemes including intertripping, interlocking and blocking - logic mapping, master control, electromechanical, electronic, shading coils Pilot wire, phase comparison - opposed voltage schemes, circulating current schemes, location of components of a scheme, pilot supervisory techniques, Load shedding, voltage control, parallel operation, load rejection Busbar Protection and CB failure protection Reclose systems - applications, single shot, multishot, blocking schemes, synchronisation checking. T18 Procedures for the location and rectification of faults in electrical equipment up to 1000 volts AC and or 1500 volts DC, encompassing: Relationship of Occupational Health and Safety to the location and rectification of faults in electrical equipment - Act and regulations, identification of personal safety, workplace hazards, working with electrically operated tools and equipment, emergency First Aid/resuscitation, rescue from a live electrical situation, enterprise policies and procedures. Types of drawings - differentiation between symptoms, faults and causes in malfunctioning equipment, fault-finding techniques and procedures Fundamental electrical concepts - effects of current, practical resistors, sources of EMF, series, parallel and series-parallel circuits, electrical measurement, capacitors, inductors, magnetism. Fundamentals of general appliances - basic principles of appliances (non mathematical), appliance identification, appliance ratings, basic principles of operation of control equipment and protection devices, fault conditions and symptoms, safe isolation procedures, test equipment, safe testing procedures, including continuity, fault types in appliances, fault-finding procedures (prescriptive) Fundamentals of single phase induction motors - basic principles of operation (non mathematical), motor identification, motor ratings, basic principles of operation of control equipment and protection devices, fault conditions and symptoms, safe isolation procedures, test equipment, safe testing procedure, including continuity, fault types in “phase splitting” and universal type motors, fault-finding procedures (prescriptive). Fundamentals of three phase induction motors - basic principles of operation (non mathematical), motor identification, motor ratings, motor starter principles, basic principles of operation of control equipment and protection devices, fault conditions and symptoms, safe isolation procedures, safe testing procedure, fault-finding procedures (prescriptive) Fundamentals of single and three phase electrical heaters - basic principles of operation, types of electrical heaters, electrical heater identification, electrical heater ratings, basic principles of operation of control and protection devices, fault conditions and symptoms, safe testing procedure, fault-finding procedures (prescriptive). T19 Disconnection and reconnection procedures for fixed wiring electrical equipment up to 1000 volts AC and or 1500 volts DC, encompassing: Safe electrical work practices and procedures according to standards such as AS/NZ 4836:2001 or equivalent Safe use of tools and plant Safe use of ladders and elevated work platforms Safe use of protective clothing Hazards in the (electrical) work environment - shock hazards, fire hazards, chemical hazards, other hazardous areas Special situations Procedures for dealing with fires associated with electrical equipment Procedures for dealing with PCBs Electric shock victim rescue methods and procedures - basic First Aid treatment for shock, burns and bleeding. Purpose of each procedure and application - expired air resuscitation (EAR), external cardiac-compression (ECC), cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), combined application of EAR and ECC (purpose of each procedure and application). Components of a basic electrical circuit(s) – source, control, protection, load Types of circuit diagrams – symbols, conventions, interpretations, free sketches Types of circuit connections and functions - open circuit, closed circuit, short circuit Techniques in basic electrical measurement - use of multimeters; use of ammeter; use of voltage measuring and indicating devices; testing of measuring instruments; care of measuring instruments; voltage, current and resistance measurement; estimating values of voltage, current and resistance; using ohms law Fundamental principles of electrical concepts - effects of current; practical resistors; sources of EMF; simple practical circuit; series, parallel and series-parallel circuits; electrical measurement; capacitors; inductors; magnetism Techniques in insulation resistance measurement and requirements Earthing principles and systems. T20 Disconnection and reconnection procedures for fixed wiring electrical equipment up to 1000 volts AC and or 1500 volts DC, encompassing: Methods for testing insulation resistance - continuity of prospective earthing conductor, continuity between exposed conductive parts and the earthing system Methods of recognising acceptable test results for compliance with safety requirements Methods of recognising unacceptable test results and require an appropriate qualified person to further investigation Cable types and conductor termination methods and techniques - conductors solid, stranded and flexible, colour codes Single and three phase systems and loads - number of active and live conductors required, line and phase voltage, typical loads Identification and rating of general appliances Single phase induction motors - motor identification, motor ratings, direction of rotation Three phase induction motors - motor identification, motor ratings, direction of rotation Single and three phase heaters - types of heaters, heater identification, heater ratings Electrical distribution arrangement - power systems within premises, purpose of switchboards/distribution boards (residual current devices and ELCBs) Circuit isolation and protection devices Isolation procedures - work clearance, testing for voltage, lock-off and tagging, techniques in isolation and tagging, regulation, codes of practice and procedures Disconnection procedures, practices and requirements Types of replacement equipment Methods of ensuring equipment is safe to connect to supply Methods of reconnection procedures, practices and requirements Methods of return equipment to service T21 Effects of harmonics encompassing: Characteristics and effects of harmonics on protection device functions/malfunction Effects of harmonics on transformers, generators, motors, quality of supply. |