Work must be carried out in compliance with the relevant licence and aircraft rating requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA); relevant airspace control requirements and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR); and aircraft control principles, regulations, safety codes, protocols and procedures relevant to navigate aircraft - IFR as part of commercial aircraft activities.

Use for ADF Aviation is to be in accordance with relevant Defence Orders and Instructions and applicable CASA compliance.

Operations are conducted across a variety of operational contexts within the Australian aviation industry.

Work is performed under limited supervision.

This unit of competency is packaged at AQF V.

ELEMENT

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1Select, operate and monitor navigation aids/systems

1.1 Appropriate navigation aids/systems for the planned IFR flight are selected and operated in accordance navigation aid/system requirements

1.2 Integrity of navigation aid/systems information is monitored and maintained

2Navigate the aircraft in IMC/simulated IMC

2.1 Aircraft position fix is determined solely with reference to navigation aid/system

2.2 Tracks are intercepted to and from navigation aids/systems

2.3 Track is maintained within tolerances specified in AIP

2.4 Timings are recorded, assessed and revised as required

2.5 Station passage is recognised

2.6 GPS/DME arc procedure is performed within tolerances specified in AIP if applicable

2.7 Planned route above Lowest Safe Altitude (LSALT) is maintained in accordance with IFR

2.8 IMC to visual flight transition is performed before descending below the lesser of LSALT/MSA

2.9 Route and destination weather conditions are monitored and appropriate actions are executed

2.10 Descent point is calculated and/or amended

3Conduct a diversion to revised route or alternate aerodrome

3.1 Requirement for an unplanned diversion is recognised and confirmed

3.2 Route to alternate aerodrome, navigation aid and /or revised track is determined

3.3 Planned route maintains height above LSALT in accordance with regulations while flying under IFR

3.4 Flight planned route is diverted to track to alternate aerodrome, navigation aid and/or aerodrome

3.5 Operational information for alternate aerodrome/s is reviewed and applied according to regulations and/or operator procedures

3.6 Fuel plan is reviewed and amended according to regulations and/or operator procedures

4Conduct holding pattern in IMC

4.1 Holding pattern is entered at or above LSALT/MSA appropriate to inbound heading using sector entry according to AIP

4.2 Published holding pattern is flown not below the specified minimum altitude, allowing for wind effect, turning inbound on the prescribed track

4.3 Holding pattern is departed in accordance with ATC instructions

5Comply with Air Traffic Control rules and procedures for IFR flights

5.1 Separation from other air traffic in IMC/simulated IMC is maintained

5.2 Airspace requirements are complied with utilising IFR procedures

5.3 Two-way communication is maintained with ATS and other aircraft in accordance with IFR procedures

5.4 ATC clearances and/or radar vectoring instructions are complied with

6Manage hazardous weather conditions

6.1 Hazardous weather conditions are identified and avoided

6.2 Procedures for penetration of hazardous weather are demonstrated and/or explained

6.3 Aircraft systems are employed to mitigate the effects of hazardous weather

7Demonstrate turbulence penetration technique

7.1 Aircraft is configured to comply with turbulence penetration procedures in accordance with Flight Manual/POH

7.2 Passenger and crew are restrained in accordance with regulations

7.3 Procedures for penetrating turbulence are explained and demonstrated

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

This describes the essential knowledge and skills and their level required for this unit.

Required knowledge:

ATC rules and procedures:

Airways clearance requirements for operating in all classes of airspace, including lead time required for flight plan submission, contents, 'clearance void time', and 'readback' requirement

Airways clearance requirements for entering, operating in and departing CTA and CTR, including what details to provide to ATC, and what details to expect from ATC

Controlled area protection

ATC requirements for a change of level in CTA, including in an emergency situation

Departure, climb, transition to cruise (levelling out), cruise, change of levels, descent and visual approach procedures, day and night, in CTA and CTR

Separation provisions between IFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in the various classes of CTA

Separation provisions between IFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in GAAP CTR

Radio procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes

Loss of radio communication procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes

Abnormal operations and/or emergency procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes

Radar services that are provided by ATC

Radar vectoring procedures, including radio procedures and phraseologies

Maximum permissible time interval is between ATC transmissions during radar vectoring

Radar emergency procedures, including loss of radio communication, radar failure, transponder emergency codes, and aircraft emergencies

Departure, climb, transition to cruise (levelling out), cruise, change of levels, descent, and arrival procedures in Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes

Visual approach procedures, day and night, in Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes, including landing manoeuvres, cancellation of SARWATCH, and operation of VHF aerodrome lighting (PAL)

Requirements and procedure for a diversion to an alternate aerodrome

NDB:

Effects of coastal refraction, night error, thunderstorms, mountainous areas, types of terrain and altitude of aircraft on NDB indications or range

Methods of selecting and using the most appropriate NDB for tracking during navigation

NDB tracking techniques, procedures and limitations

Procedures for sector entry and holding using the NDB

VOR:

VOR instrument settings required to provide command indications when flying on given tracks both to and from the VOR

VOR tracking techniques, procedures and limitations

Procedures for sector entry and holding using the VOR

GPS:

Principles of operation, performance limitations and errors of a GPS system

Methods of position fixing using a GPS system

GPS operating procedures which provide safeguards against navigational errors and loss of situational awareness

GPS operating procedures for typical navigational tasks using a specific type of aircraft equipment

Indications of waypoint passage

GPS operational and serviceability checks

Human factors limitations associated with the use of GPS equipment

Requirements applicable to pilots and equipment for GPS operations

Parameters applicable to tracking tolerances, automatic waypoint sequencing, CDI sensitivity and RAIM availability

Mode of operation required during each segment of a GPS/NPA, the conditions required to transition to and operate in that mode, and the associated CDI sensitivity and RAIM protection provided

Parameters applicable to RAIM warnings in the en route, terminal and approach modes

Effect of availability or otherwise of baro-aiding on RAIM availability and prediction

Effect of satellite unserviceability on the reliability of each type of prediction

Effect of each type of RAIM prediction operational requirements

Operational requirements which apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV (GNSS) procedure at the destination

Factors that may adversely affect the conduct of a GPS/NPA and explain suitable pilot procedures to minimise such effects

Operating procedures for GNSS equipment which reduce or eliminate errors due to any of these factors

Required skills:

Perform the navigational functions within the parameters of the applicable regulations, orders and operations manual procedures

Maintain compliance with regulatory requirements

Select and use appropriate navigational instruments and aids

Source and interpret aviation weather forecast products and services appropriate to flight planning and navigation procedures

Apply air safety practices and regulations

Recognise significant variances from forecast meteorological conditions and take appropriate actions, including the issue of an AIREP

NDB:

Determine NDB station passage, abeam NDB station, NDB bearing the aircraft is on, track error and/or drift experienced, from ADF relative bearing indications

Calculate track to and from the NDB, given heading and relative bearings

Calculate heading to steer to intercept a new or original track to or from a NDB

Calculate heading to steer to intercept desired inbound track before reaching the NDB

Calculate relative bearing which will indicate that a desired track to or from a NDB has been intercepted, given the intercept heading

Fix position, given relative bearing indications utilising two NDB stations

VOR:

Determine scalloping, VOR station passage, abeam VOR station, VOR radial the aircraft is on, track error and/or drift experienced, from VOR cockpit indications

Determine off-track distance experienced from VOR and DME cockpit indications

Calculate the heading to steer to intercept a new or original track to or from a VOR

Fix position, given cockpit instrument indications utilising two VOR stations

Fix position, given instrument indications utilising combinations of VOR, NDB and DME

GPS:

Interpret typical GPS navigational displays LAT/Long, distance and bearing to waypoint, CDI

Maintain interception and maintenance of GPS defined tracks

Determine TMG, GS, ETA, time and distance to WPT, WV in flight

Recognise and take appropriate action for GPS warnings and messages

Predict RAIM availability at destination and ETA

Predict within 1 hour before departure the availability of approach RAIM at the destination or alternate aerodrome within 15 minutes of ETA, and limitations that apply to the prediction

Apply operational requirements which apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV (GNSS) procedure at the destination

Communicate effectively with others when navigating an aircraft - IFR

Read and interpret instructions, regulations, procedures and other information relevant to navigating an aircraft - IFR

Interpret and follow operational instructions and prioritise work

Complete documentation related to navigating an aircraft - IFR

Operate electronic communication equipment to required protocol

Work collaboratively with others when navigating an aircraft - IFR

Adapt appropriately to cultural differences in the workplace, including modes of behaviour and interactions with others

Promptly report and/or rectify any identified problems that may occur when navigating an aircraft - IFR in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

Implement contingency plans for unexpected events that may arise when navigating an aircraft - IFR

Apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate hazards that may exist while navigating an aircraft - IFR

Monitor and anticipate operational problems and hazards and take appropriate action

Monitor work activities in terms of planned schedule

Modify activities dependent on differing workplace contingencies, situations and environments

Work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self others, or damage to goods or equipment

Adapt to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

Select and use required personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to industry and OH&S standards

Implement OH&S procedures and relevant regulations

Identify and correctly use equipment required when navigating an aircraft - IFR

The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required knowledge and skills, the range statement and the assessment guidelines for this Training Package.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

The evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria of this unit and include demonstration of applying:

the underpinning knowledge and skills

relevant legislation and workplace procedures

other relevant aspects of the range statement

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Performance is demonstrated consistently over a period of time and in a suitable range of contexts

Resources for assessment include:

a range of relevant exercises, case studies and/or other simulated practical and knowledge assessment, and/or

access to an appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace

In both real and simulated environments, access is required to:

relevant and appropriate materials and equipment, and

applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals

Method of assessment

Assessment of this unit must be undertaken by a registered training organisation

As a minimum, assessment of knowledge must be conducted through appropriate written/oral tests

Practical assessment must occur:

through activities in an appropriately simulated environment at the registered training organisation, and/or

in an appropriate range of situations in the workplace

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance.

Tasks may be undertaken in:

IMC

VMC with simulated IMC conditions

Performance may be demonstrated in:

single engine aircraft

multi engine aircraft

synthetic training device approved by the relevant authority

variable air traffic conditions

variable weather conditions

variable flight situations

abnormal situations

classes of airspace as designated by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority

Aircraft may include:

fixed wing

helicopter

other commercial or military aircraft

Crew may include:

single pilot

multi crew

Instruments may be:

fitted flight instruments suitable for instrument flight

head up display suitable for instrument flight

Limitations may be imposed by:

local noise abatement requirements and curfews

airspace endorsements

Classes of airspace may be:

as designated by the regulator

restricted and danger areas

military control zones

Air Defence Identification Zones

Diversion requirement may include:

meteorological hazard

fuel requirements

aircraft or airfield system failure/degrade

airspace

ATC direction

operational hazard

Operational information may include:

meteorological

NOTAMS

lighting

Approach Aids

Navigation aids/systems may include:

ADF (Automatic Direction Finder)

VOR (VHF Omni-directional Radio Range)

DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)

RADAR

GPS (Global Positioning System)

FMS (Flight Management Systems)

Moving Map Displays

TACAN

INS (Inertial Navigation System)

FDS (Flight Director System)

Autopilot system

Weather Radar

navigation computers

Conditions may include:

a method of simulating IMC

simulated icing conditions

moderate turbulence

simulated hazardous weather

Autopilot/Flight Director

FMS/ other NAV system

simulation of emergency and abnormal procedures

Dependent on the type of organisation concerned and the local terminology used, workplace procedures may include:

company procedures

enterprise procedures

organisational procedures

established procedures

standard operating procedures

Information/documents may include:

relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders

in Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions

Flight Manual/Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)

Manual of Standards - Pilot Licensing (MOS-PL)

Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)

En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA)

charts

operations manuals

approved checklists

workplace procedures and instructions and job specification

induction and training materials

conditions of service, legislation and industrial agreements including workplace agreements and awards

Applicable regulations and legislation may include:

relevant Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders

in Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions

relevant state/territory OH&S legislation

relevant state/territory environmental protection legislation

relevant Australian Standards

Performance includes tolerances specified in either of:

relevant licence and aircraft rating requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) such as:

Manual of Standards

relevant Defence documentation such as:

Defence Orders and Instructions

approved curricula and training documentation

H - Route Planning and Navigation

This unit contains employability skills.