AVIY4004
Land aeroplane


Application

This unit involves the skills and knowledge required to land an aeroplane, in compliance with relevant regulatory requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority and national operating standards.

It includes conducting aeroplane landings and managing mishandled landings.

This unit addresses aviation technical skill requirements (physical, mental and task-management abilities) related to aircraft operational duties of flight crew, and contributes to safe and effective performance in complex aviation operational environments.

Operations are conducted as part of recreational, commercial and military aircraft activities across a variety of operational contexts within the Australian aviation industry.

Work is performed independently or under limited supervision within a single-pilot or multi-crew environment.

Licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements are applicable to this unit.

Use for Defence Aviation is to be in accordance with relevant Defence Orders, Instructions, Publications and Regulations.


Elements and Performance Criteria

ELEMENTS

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Elements describe the essential outcomes.

Performance criteria describe the performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element.

1

Conduct aeroplane landing

1.1

Aeroplane is landed at a controlled rate of descent with alignment above the runway centreline, within a specified area without drift, and directional control is maintained

1.2

Existing wind conditions are confirmed, drift corrections are applied, precise ground track is maintained, and aeroplane is configured for cross-wind landing conditions as required

1.3

Ballooning and bouncing are minimised and controlled in accordance with established aeroplane landing procedures

1.4

Positive directional control is maintained and cross-wind corrections are applied as required during the after-landing roll

1.5

After-landing checks are performed in accordance with approved checklist

1.6

Separation with conflicting air and ground traffic is maintained

1.7

Runway is vacated when practicable

1.8

Aeroplane is stopped safely using drag and/or braking devices within available runway length

1.9

Landing clearance is obtained at applicable airfields

1.10

Wake turbulence is avoided

1.11

Weather conditions are monitored

2

Manage mishandled landing

2.1

Conditional requirements for conducting a missed approach are recognised

2.2

Decision to perform missed approach and subsequent go-around is made when safe landing cannot be achieved

2.3

Power, attitude and configuration are selected to safely control aeroplane

2.4

Aeroplane is manoeuvred clear of the ground and after take-off procedures are conducted

2.5

Allowance for wind velocity is made during go-around

2.6

Wake turbulence is avoided

Evidence of Performance

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria on at least one occasion and include:

adapting to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

applying precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate identified hazards

applying relevant aeroplane aeronautical knowledge

applying relevant legislation and workplace procedures

calculating landing performance

carrying out correct procedures in a go-around

communicating effectively with others including using an aeronautical radio

compensating for the secondary effect of controls

completing relevant documentation

conducting aeroplane cross-wind landing procedures:

verify existing wind conditions, make proper correction for drift, and maintain a precise ground track

configure aeroplane for cross-wind conditions

control aeroplane during transition from final approach to touchdown and during after-landing roll

apply cross-wind drift corrections during landing and taxi procedures

conducting aeroplane landing procedures:

maintaining constant landing position aim point

achieving a smooth, positively-controlled transition from final approach to touchdown, including control ballooning during flare

achieving touchdown at a controlled rate of descent, in the specified touchdown zone within tolerances

controlling bouncing after touchdown

aligning touchdown with centreline within tolerances

ensuring separation is maintained

maintaining positive directional control and cross-wind correction during after-landing roll

using drag and braking devices, as applicable, in such a manner to bring the airplane to a safe stop

completing applicable after-landing checklist items in a timely manner

conducting aeroplane missed approach:

recognising the conditions when a missed approach should be executed

making the decision to execute a missed approach when it is safe to do so

making a smooth, positively-controlled transition from approach to missed approach, including

selecting power, attitude and configuration to safely control aeroplane

manoeuvring aeroplane clear of the ground and conducting after take-off procedures

making allowance for wind velocity during go-around

avoiding wake turbulence

conducting aeroplane missed landing procedure

recognising the conditions when a missed landing should be executed

making decision to execute recovery when it is safe to do so

making a smooth, positively-controlled transition from missed landing to missed approach, including

selecting power, attitude and configuration to safely control aeroplane

manoeuvring aeroplane clear of the ground and conducting after take-off procedures

making allowance for wind velocity during go-around

avoiding wake turbulence

conducting aeroplane short landing procedures:

landing aeroplane at nominated touchdown point at minimum speed

controlling ballooning during flare

controlling bouncing after touchdown

maintaining direction after touchdown

applying maximum braking without locking up wheels

stopping aircraft within landing distance available

exercising sound judgement sufficient to perform landing procedures

identifying and correctly using relevant equipment

implementing contingency plans

implementing work health and safety (WHS)/occupational health and safety (OHS) procedures and relevant regulations

maintaining compliance with regulatory requirements

modifying activities depending on workplace contingencies, situations and environments

monitoring and anticipating operational problems and hazards and taking appropriate action

monitoring work activities in terms of planned schedule

operating electronic communications equipment to required protocol

reading, interpreting and following relevant regulations, instructions, procedures, information and signs

recognising and responding to conditions leading to a go-around

reporting and/or rectifying identified problems promptly, in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

selecting and using relevant equipment, including trim controls, flaps, carburettor heat and braking devices

selecting and using required personal protective equipment conforming to industry and WHS/OHS standards

setting local or area barometric pressure adjusted for sea level (QNH) at appropriate stages of flight

using instruments to monitor aeroplane performance

working collaboratively with others when landing aeroplane

working systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment.


Evidence of Knowledge

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria and include knowledge of:

aerodynamic forces involved during a flare

aeroplane limitations

aeroplane performance

aeroplane weight and balance

air traffic procedures

all required checklist items

CASR Part 61 Manual of Standards Schedule 3 Aeronautical Knowledge relevant to aeroplane operations

causes of aquaplaning and procedures to avoid aquaplaning

causes of loss of control of aeroplane on landing

causes of loss of directional control during landing

circuit and landing procedures

contents of aircraft flight manual (AFM) and pilot’s operating handbook (POH)

cross wind limits for the aeroplane type flown

day visual flight rules (VFR) criteria

effect of wind on landing performance

environmental conditions that represent visual meteorological conditions (VMC)

how to calculate a cross wind component

in a Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions

options when local conditions are not suitable for landing

principles of aerodynamics

propeller wash, rotor wash and jet blast

relevant sections of aeronautical information package (AIP)

relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders

relevant WHS/OHS and environmental procedures and regulations

steps for landing an aeroplane in normal headwind and crosswind

techniques used to land an aeroplane in a cross wind

touch and go procedures

typical single-engine aeroplane aircraft systems

wake turbulence considerations

windsock and other indicators that are used to determine wind velocity.


Assessment Conditions

As a minimum, assessors must satisfy applicable regulatory requirements, which include requirements in the Standards for Registered Training Organisations current at the time of assessment.

As a minimum, assessment must satisfy applicable regulatory requirements, which include requirements in the Standards for Registered Training Organisations current at the time of assessment.

Assessment processes and techniques must be appropriate to the language, literacy and numeracy requirements of the work being performed and the needs of the candidate.

Assessment must occur in workplace operational situations. Where this is not appropriate, assessment must occur in simulated workplace operational situations that reflect workplace conditions.

Resources for assessment must include access to:

a range of relevant exercises, case studies and/or simulations

acceptable means of simulation assessment

applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals

relevant materials, tools, equipment and personal protective equipment currently used in industry.


Foundation Skills

Foundation skills essential to performance are explicit in the performance criteria of this unit of competency.


Range Statement

Range is restricted to essential operating conditions and any other variables essential to the work environment.


Sectors

Not applicable.


Competency Field

Y – Aircraft Operation and Traffic Management