Work must be carried out in compliance with the relevant licence and aircraft rating requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) and/or ADF; airspace control requirements and Day Visual Flight Rules (Day VFR); and aircraft control principles, regulations, safety codes, protocols and procedures relating to taxiing a helicopter

Use for ADF Aviation is to be in accordance with relevant Defence Orders and Instructions and applicable CASA compliance.

Operations are conducted as part of commercial or military aircraft activities across a variety of operational contexts within the Australian aviation industry.

Work is performed under limited supervision.

This unit is nominally packaged at Certificate IV.

ELEMENT

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1Perform ground taxiing manoeuvres where applicable

1.1 Taxi clearance is obtained and compliance is maintained with clearance conditions and requirements, if applicable

1.2 Helicopter is manoeuvred on the ground over a prescribed track with due allowance for prevailing conditions

1.3 Speed is adjusted to suit helicopter type, surface conditions, congestion, maintenance of control and to avoid collision with obstacles or other aircraft

1.4 Turns in confined spaces are executed without incident

1.5 Adverse effects of rotor wash on personnel, aircraft, structures and trees are avoided

1.6 Compliance is maintained with workplace procedures, approved marshalling signals, and regulatory requirements throughout ground taxiing manoeuvres

2Perform air taxiing manoeuvres

2.1 Taxi clearance is obtained and compliance is maintained with clearance conditions and requirements, if applicable

2.2 With allowance for prevailing conditions, the helicopter is manoeuvred above the ground over a prescribed track at constant height associated with ground effect and maintaining a ground speed that allows the safe transit of a helicopter

2.3 Helicopter is maintained within the taxiway limits

2.4 Turns in confined spaces are executed without incident

2.5 Speed is adjusted to suit helicopter type, surface conditions, congestion, maintenance of control and to avoid collision with obstacles or other aircraft

2.6 Adverse effects of rotor wash on personnel, aircraft, structures and trees are avoided

2.7 The use of ram air or carburettor heat during air taxiing manoeuvres is avoided in dusty conditions

2.8 Compliance is maintained with workplace procedures, approved marshalling signals, and regulatory requirements throughout air taxiing manoeuvres

2.9 Throughout taxiing manoeuvres, helicopter operation is kept outside of the 'avoid area' of the manufacturers height-velocity diagram where possible

3Perform air transiting manoeuvres

3.1 Transit clearance is obtained and compliance is maintained with clearance conditions and requirements, if applicable

3.2 With allowance for prevailing conditions, the helicopter is manoeuvred at a height not above 100 feet over a prescribed track within the aerodrome boundaries that is clear of obstacles, and at air speeds greater than those used for air taxiing

3.3 Throughout air transit manoeuvres, due awareness is maintained of helicopter operation relative to the manufacturers height-velocity diagram, power required/power available margin, loss of tail rotor effectiveness, traffic movements at the aerodrome and air traffic control requirements

3.4 Lookout is maintained using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility and terrain

3.5 Surface traffic conditions are recognised and accommodated

3.6 Different aircraft types are identified and appropriate adjustments made to transiting operations to accommodate the situation of the identified aircraft

3.7 Minimum clearance of half rotor diameter is maintained from obstacles

3.8 Adverse effect of rotor wash on other aircraft, facilities and personnel is avoided

3.9 Compliance is maintained with right of way procedures

3.10 Compliance is maintained with light signals, if applicable

3.11 Compliance is maintained with workplace procedures, approved marshalling signals, and regulatory requirements throughout air transit manoeuvres

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

This describes the essential knowledge and skills and their level required for this unit.

Required knowledge:

Relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders

Relevant OH&S and environmental procedures and regulations

Basic principles of aerodynamics

Purpose and functions of helicopter systems

Functions and effects of all helicopter controls

Aerodrome and helicopter landing site markings and their meanings

Light and marshalling signals relevant to helicopter operations

Helicopter braking and steering systems

Application of the height/velocity diagram/graph

Causes and effects of ground resonance and related action that should be taken

Causes and effects of loss of tail rotor effectiveness and related action that should be taken

Effects of rotor wash and related precautions that should be taken

Local air traffic control procedures and instructions

Hazards and risks when taxiing a helicopter and precautions for controlling the risks

Problems that may occur when taxiing a helicopter and appropriate action that should be taken in each case

Required skills:

Interpret and apply air traffic control instructions

Select and use equipment relevant to the taxiing of a helicopter

Interpret/use a helicopter manufacturers height-velocity diagram/graph

Use instruments to monitor helicopter performance

Apply air safety practices and regulations

Communicate effectively with others when taxiing a helicopter

Read and interpret instructions, regulations, procedures and other information relevant to taxiing a helicopter

Interpret and follow operational instructions and prioritise work

Complete documentation related taxiing a helicopter

Operate electronic communication equipment to required protocol

Work collaboratively with others when taxiing a helicopter

Adapt appropriately to cultural differences in the workplace, including modes of behaviour and interactions with others

Promptly report and/or rectify any identified problems that may occur when a taxiing a helicopter in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

Implement contingency plans for unexpected events that may arise when taxiing a helicopter

Apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate hazards that may exist when taxiing a helicopter

Monitor and anticipate operational problems and hazards and take appropriate action

Monitor work activities in terms of planned schedule

Modify activities dependent on differing workplace contingencies, situations and environments

Work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment

Adapt to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

Select and use required personal protective equipment conforming to industry and OH&S standards

Implement OH&S procedures and relevant regulations

Identify and correctly use equipment required when taxiing a helicopter

The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required knowledge and skills, the range statement and the assessment guidelines for this Training Package.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

The evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria of this unit and include demonstration of applying:

the underpinning knowledge and skills

relevant legislation and workplace procedures

other relevant aspects of the range statement

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Performance is demonstrated consistently over a period of time and in a suitable range of contexts

Resources for assessment include:

a range of relevant exercises, case studies and/or other simulated practical and knowledge assessment, and/or

access to an appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace

In both real and simulated environments, access is required to:

relevant and appropriate materials and equipment, and

applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals

Method of assessment

Assessment of this unit must be undertaken by a registered training organisation

As a minimum, assessment of knowledge must be conducted through appropriate written/oral tests

Practical assessment must occur:

through activities in an appropriately simulated environment at the registered training organisation, and/or

in an appropriate range of situations in the workplace

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance.

Tasks may be undertaken in:

variable weather conditions in accordance with Day Visual Flight Rules

Performance may be demonstrated in:

single engine helicopter

multi engine helicopter

single main rotor helicopter

multi main rotor helicopter

variable air traffic conditions

variable flight situations

abnormal situations

Performance may be demonstrated on an helicopter with:

fully functioning dual controls

an electronic intercom system

dual control brakes

wheeled or skidded undercarriages

Crew may include:

single pilot

multi crew

Limitations may be imposed by:

local noise abatement requirements and curfews

Classes of airspace are:

those designated by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority

Checklists may include:

pre-flight

pre-start

engine start

pre-taxi

take-off

after take-off

approach and landing

shutdown

post-flight

Taxi procedures may be performed at:

a prepared or unprepared aerodrome

an approved helicopter landing site (HLS)

Guidance during taxi operations may be provided by:

air traffic control instructions

light signals

aerodrome markings

Operational hazards during taxiing manoeuvres may include:

variable surface conditions

other aircraft

loose objects

personnel

animals

birds

propeller/tail rotor/rotor wash and jet blast

Dependent on the type of organisation concerned and the local terminology used, workplace procedures may include:

company procedures

enterprise procedures

organisational procedures

established procedures

standard operating procedures

Procedures maintaining compliance with airspace requirements are:

geographical limits of the flight area is demonstrated on a chart

prominent geographical features are identified using a chart

the limits of the flight area are identified on the ground

the position of controlled airspace is determined using a chart and geographical features

restricted areas are identified using a chart and geographical features

departure from the circuit area and transition to the flight area is completed without incident

departure from the flight area and transition to the circuit area is completed without incident

Information/documents may include:

relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders including Day Visual Flight Rules (Day VFR)

in Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions

Flight Manual/Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)

Manual of Standards - Pilot Licensing (MOS-PL)

Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)

En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA)

charts

operations manuals

approved checklists

workplace procedures and instructions and job specification

induction and training materials

conditions of service, legislation and industrial agreements including workplace agreements and awards

Applicable regulations and legislation may include:

relevant Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders

in Defence context, relevant Defence Orders and Instructions

relevant state/territory OH&S legislation

relevant state/territory environmental protection legislation

relevant Australian Standards

Performance includes tolerances specified in either of:

relevant licence and aircraft rating requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) such as:

Day VFR Syllabus

Manual of Standards

relevant Defence documentation such as:

Defence Orders and Instructions

approved curricula and training documentation

Y - Aircraft Operation and Traffic Management

This unit contains employability skills.