This unit involves the skills and knowledge required to perform a visual circling approach, in compliance with relevant regulatory requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority and national operating standards.

It includes determining minima applicable for visual circling for specified instrument approaches, conducting visual circling procedure following instrument approach using appropriate visual cues, and conducting a missed approach from visual circling.

This unit addresses aviation technical skill requirements (physical, mental and task-management abilities) related to aircraft operational duties of flight crew, and contributes to safe and effective performance in complex aviation operational environments.

Operations are conducted as part of recreational, commercial and military aircraft activities across a variety of operational contexts within the Australian aviation industry.

Work is performed independently or under limited supervision within a single-pilot or multi-crew environment.

Licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements are applicable to this unit.

Use for Defence Aviation is to be in accordance with relevant Defence Orders, Instructions, Publications and Regulations.

ELEMENTS

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Elements describe the essential outcomes.

Performance criteria describe the performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element.

1

Determine minima applicable for visual circling for specified instrument approach

1.1

Requirement to conduct a circling approach in accordance with aeronautical information publication (AIP) is determined

1.2

Ceiling and visibility minima are determined for circling approach appropriate for instrument approach procedure and category of aircraft being used, in accordance with applicable instrument approach charts

2

Conduct visual circling procedure following instrument approach, using appropriate visual cues

2.1

Circling procedures are planned and briefed in relation to runway position relative to aircraft as it will appear to pilot when approaching minima

2.2

Circling approach is conducted in accordance with AIP

2.3

Aircraft is controlled and maintained within altitude limitations by reference to instruments

2.4

Aircraft position is controlled and maintained using visual cues

2.5

Lookout is maintained using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility or terrain

3

Conduct missed approach from visual circling

3.1

Conditions requiring a missed approach are recognised and missed approach procedure is initiated

3.2

Aircraft is manoeuvred to missed approach point (MAPt) and a missed approach procedure is conducted in accordance with applicable instrument approach chart

3.3

Obstacle clearance in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) is maintained

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria on at least one occasion and include:

adapting to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

applying precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate identified hazards

applying relevant aeronautical knowledge

applying relevant legislation and workplace procedures

calculating ceiling and visibility minima for circling approach

communicating effectively with others

completing relevant documentation

determining circling area applicable to aircraft performance category being flown

determining obstacle clearance requirements in circling area

identifying and correctly using relevant equipment

implementing contingency plans

implementing work health and safety (WHS)/occupational health and safety (OHS) procedures and relevant regulations

interpreting instrument approach charts

modifying activities depending on workplace contingencies, situations and environments

monitoring and anticipating operational problems and hazards and taking appropriate action

monitoring work activities in terms of planned schedule

operating electronic communications equipment to required protocol

performing systematic scan techniques

reading, interpreting and following relevant regulations, instructions, procedures, information and signs

reporting and/or rectifying identified problems promptly, in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

selecting and using required personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to industry and WHS/OHS standards

setting local or area barometric pressure adjusted for sea level (QNH) at appropriate stages of flight

working collaboratively with others

working systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment.

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria and include knowledge of:

briefing requirements for a circling approach

CASR Part 61 Manual of Standards Schedule 3 Aeronautical Knowledge relevant to instrument flight operations

conditions under which a circling approach must be discontinued and a missed approach initiated

emergency procedures

how to calculate ceiling and visibility minima for a circling approach

how to determine circling area applicable to aircraft performance category being flown

how to determine minima applicable for visual circling for specified instrument approaches

how to determine obstacle clearance requirements in circling area

procedure to conduct a missed approach from any nominated point within circling area on a specified approach

procedures for adjusting controls to optimise equipment operation

recall when an aircraft may descend below the minimum descent altitude (MDA) by day and night

relevant sections of national and state/territory regulatory requirements and codes of practice

relevant WHS/OHS and environmental procedures and regulations

requirements for completing relevant documentation.

As a minimum, assessors must satisfy applicable regulatory requirements, which include requirements in the Standards for Registered Training Organisations current at the time of assessment.

As a minimum, assessment must satisfy applicable regulatory requirements, which include requirements in the Standards for Registered Training Organisations current at the time of assessment.

Assessment processes and techniques must be appropriate to the language, literacy and numeracy requirements of the work being performed and the needs of the candidate.

Assessment must occur in workplace operational situations. Where this is not appropriate, assessment must occur in simulated workplace operational situations that reflect workplace conditions.

Resources for assessment must include access to:

a range of relevant exercises, case studies and/or simulations

acceptable means of simulation assessment

applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals

relevant materials, tools, equipment and personal protective equipment currently used in industry.