This unit involves the skills and knowledge required to conduct a 2D instrument approach using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) or non-precision approach (NPA) procedures, in compliance with relevant regulatory requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority and national operating standards.

It includes selecting approach and determining minima, selecting, retrieving and activating the approach from a database, and monitoring GNSS signal integrity. It also includes conducting initial approach, conducting holding patterns, conducting approach procedure, and conducting missed approach procedure.

This unit addresses aviation technical skill requirements (physical, mental and task-management abilities) related to aircraft operational duties of flight crew, and contributes to safe and effective performance in complex aviation operational environments.

Operations are conducted as part of recreational, commercial and military aircraft activities across a variety of operational contexts within the Australian aviation industry.

Work is performed independently or under limited supervision within a single-pilot or multi-crew environment.

Licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements are applicable to this unit.

Use for Defence Aviation is to be in accordance with relevant Defence Orders, Instructions, Publications and Regulations.

ELEMENTS

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Elements describe the essential outcomes.

Performance criteria describe the performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element.

1

Select approach and determine applicable minima

1.1

Current instrument approach and landing (IAL) chart for GNSS/NPA approach to be flown is selected

1.2

Entry to and conduct of instrument approach and missed approach procedure are reviewed and briefed to flight crew

1.3

Currency of GNSS receiver database is confirmed

1.4

Applicable meteorological minima of approach for aircraft performance category is determined

1.5

Fuel availability and holding or diversion action if visual reference is not established, is reviewed and briefed to flight crew

2

Select, retrieve and activate approach from database

2.1

GNSS approach for appropriate runway from GNSS receiver navigation database, is selected

2.2

Initial approach fix to be used to transition approach procedure is selected

2.3

Aerodrome altimeter subscale setting to obtain elevation or altitude (QNH) in GNSS receiver is entered, and approach is activated

2.4

Confidence check of tracks and distances between approach way-point (WPT) as calculated by the GNSS receiver, is performed

2.5

Course deviation indictors (CDI) are checked and selected to GNSS as required

3

Monitor GNSS signal integrity

3.1

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is checked for availability on the approach

3.2

RAIM indications are monitored throughout the approach

4

Conduct initial approach

4.1

Altimeter is set to appropriate QNH

4.2

Track to initial approach WPT is maintained at or above route minimum safe altitude (MSA) or lowest safe altitude (LSALT)

5

Conduct holding pattern

5.1

Automatic sequencing of GNSS is suspended

5.2

Published holding pattern is conducted at appropriate initial approach WPT using prescribed sector entry procedure

5.3

Automatic sequencing is resumed to continue approach

6

Conduct approach procedure

6.1

GNSS/NPA instrument approach is conducted while descending on specified track to each approach WPT

6.2

Approach altitude restrictions are complied with

6.3

GNSS receiver transitions to approach mode is confirmed no later than the final approach point (FAP), WPT or discontinue approach

6.4

Secondary navigation aid is utilised to maintain situational awareness

6.5

Descent to not below the minimum descent altitude (MDA) while tracking to the missed approach point, is conducted within tolerances

6.6

Landing runway is identified

6.7

Runway or circling approach for landing is conducted after visual reference is established

7

Conduct missed approach procedure

7.1

Conditions requiring a missed approach are recognised and missed approach is initiated

7.2

Published missed approach procedure is executed if visual reference is not established before reaching the MAPt or RAIM

7.3

Missed approached is conducted on any other event specified in aeronautical information publication (AIP) or GNSS operations manual

7.4

Aircraft is manoeuvred to MAPt

7.5

Missed approach mode is selected

7.6

Missed approach procedure is conducted in accordance with IAL chart

7.7

GNSS receiver is configured to conduct another approach or to hold or divert as required

7.8

Obstacle clearance in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) is maintained

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria on at least one occasion and include:

adapting to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

applying global navigation satellite system (GNSS) operating procedures to typical navigation tasks

applying precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate identified hazards

applying relevant aeronautical knowledge

applying relevant legislation and workplace procedures

communicating effectively with others

completing relevant documentation

determining conditions permitting descent below minima

determining GNSS/ non-precision approach (NPA) procedure applicable minima for aircraft

identifying and correctly using relevant equipment

implementing contingency plans

implementing work health and safety (WHS)/occupational health and safety (OHS) procedures and relevant regulations

interpreting GNSS/NPA instrument approach procedure chart

modifying activities depending on workplace contingencies, situations and environments

monitoring and anticipating operational problems and hazards and taking appropriate action

monitoring GNSS signal integrity

monitoring work activities in terms of planned schedule

operating electronic communications equipment to required protocol

performing systematic scan techniques

predicting availability of approach RAIM at the destination or alternate aerodrome

predicting RAIM availability at destination and estimated time of arrival (ETA) using aircraft GNSS receiver and, as required, an external RAIM prediction service

reading, interpreting and following relevant regulations, instructions, procedures, information and signs

reporting and/or rectifying identified problems promptly, in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

selecting and using required personal protective clothing and equipment conforming to industry and WHS/OHS standards

selecting, retrieving and activating approach from database

setting local or area barometric pressure adjusted for sea level (QNH) at appropriate stages of flight

working collaboratively with others

working systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment.

Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria and include knowledge of:

CASR Part 61 Manual of Standards Schedule 3 Aeronautical Knowledge relevant to instrument flight operations

cause and magnitude of typical GNSS errors

conditions required to transition to and operate in the mode of operation for a GNSS/NPA, and the associated course deviation indicator (CDI) sensitivity and RAIM protection provided

effect of each type of RAIM prediction on operational requirements

effects of availability or otherwise of baro-aiding on RAIM availability and prediction

effects of satellite unserviceability on reliability of each type of prediction

emergency procedures

factors that adversely affect the conduct of a GNSS/NPA and suitable pilot procedures to minimise such effects

GNSS operating procedures for navigation tasks

GNSS operational and serviceability checks

GNSS system fundamentals and principles of operations

GNSS warnings and messages

GNSS/NPA instrument approach procedure chart

human factors limitations associated with using GNSS equipment

mode of operation required during each segment of a GNSS/NPA

operating electronic communications equipment

operating procedures for GNSS equipment that reduce or eliminate errors

operating procedures that provide safeguards against GNSS navigational errors

operational requirements that apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a required navigation performance (RNAV) (GNSS) procedure at the destination

parameters applicable to RAIM warnings in the en route, terminal and approach modes

prediction limitations that apply to availability of approach RAIM at the destination or alternate aerodrome

procedures for adjusting controls to optimise equipment operation

procedures for managing and controlling hazardous situations

relevant sections of national and state/territory regulatory requirements and codes of practice

relevant WHS/occupational health and safety (OHS) and environmental procedures and regulations

requirements applicable to pilots and equipment for GNSS operations

requirements for completing relevant documentation

sources of information on differences in equipment and related standard operating and servicing procedures

steps involved in planning work activities

tracking tolerances, automatic way-point sequencing, CDI sensitivity and RAIM availability parameters for entry, RAIM availability and approach segments.

As a minimum, assessors must satisfy applicable regulatory requirements, which include requirements in the Standards for Registered Training Organisations current at the time of assessment.

As a minimum, assessment must satisfy applicable regulatory requirements, which include requirements in the Standards for Registered Training Organisations current at the time of assessment.

Assessment processes and techniques must be appropriate to the language, literacy and numeracy requirements of the work being performed and the needs of the candidate.

Assessment must occur in workplace operational situations. Where this is not appropriate, assessment must occur in simulated workplace operational situations that reflect workplace conditions.

Resources for assessment must include access to:

a range of relevant exercises, case studies and/or simulations

acceptable means of simulation assessment

applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals

relevant materials, tools, equipment and personal protective equipment currently used in industry.