AVIY5049A
Provide area control services

This unit provides the knowledge and an inventory of skills and behaviours specific to providing air traffic services in airspaces within en route areas. Licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements are applicable to this unit.

Application

This unit is applied to specific airspaces that offer varying levels of air traffic services according to the ICAO and national classifications of airspaces.

Persons exercising competence in this unit will need to fulfil the licensing and regulatory requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority pertaining to air traffic controllers.

Use for ADF Aviation is to be in accordance with relevant Defence Orders and Instructions and applicable CASA compliance.

Work is performed under various levels of supervision dependent on workplace context, and might be in a team environment.

Work involves applying separation standards. It assesses the controller s ability to apply the full range of separation standards or provide traffic advice in situations involving medium to high levels of traffic volume and complexity and in adverse weather conditions.

This unit of competency is packaged at Diploma level.


Prerequisites

Not applicable.


Elements and Performance Criteria

ELEMENT

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1Manage en route airspaces

1.1 Traffic priorities are applied according to standard operating procedure

1.2 Service priorities are applied according to which is most safety critical

1.3 Control practices and techniques are adapted to changing airspace environment factors

1.4 Surveillance of airspaces and air routes is maintained using systematic scan technique at a rate determined by environment factors

1.5 Standard routing and/or user preferred routing is facilitated when able

1.6 Documented instructions and agreements applicable to the area of jurisdiction are observed

1.7 Unauthorised use of airspaces and operational deviation from control instruction and procedure are recognised and rectified

1.8 Terrain and obstacle clearance is provided where necessary

1.9 Pilot requested altitudes or flight levels are facilitated when able

1.10 Aircraft are authorised to use en route airspaces

1.11 Control services are provided according to airspace classification and status

1.12 Airspaces are administered according to user activity

1.13 Flight diversions are facilitated where necessary

2Assure separation

2.1 Aircraft conflicts are recognised and resolved

2.2 Aircraft separation is provided

2.3 Jurisdiction for maintaining aircraft separation is agreed and assigned

2.4 Alternative aircraft separation is provided when required

2.5 Aircraft separation is adjusted if required when systems are degraded or airways facilities are reduced

2.6 Aircraft separation is most appropriate taking into account safety, expedition and the method of control and surveillance

2.7 Compromised aircraft separation is recognised and recovered and administrative actions are taken in accordance with workplace procedure

Required Skills

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

This describes the essential knowledge and skills and their level required for this unit.

Required knowledge:

Relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations

International and national air law including facilitation of international flight

Relevant OH&S and environmental procedures and regulations

Principles of effective air traffic control

National operating standards, recommendations and system safety relevant to air traffic management

National airspace system and standard route structure

Rules of the air governing visual and instrument flight

Principles of flight, operation and functioning of aircraft power-plants; systems and aircraft performance relevant to area control services

Meteorological documentation, terms and definitions, information and the origin and characteristics of weather phenomena affecting flight operations including local phenomena

Principles and procedures of altimetry

Principles, limitations and accuracy of air navigation; navigation systems and visual aids, including terms; and definitions and required navigation performance relevant to area control services

Basic time, distance and speed navigation solutions; track error, closing angles, drift and track made good

Traffic Collision and Avoidance Systems

Aeronautical documentation and safety practices associated with the planning and conduct of flight

Provision of air traffic services (air traffic control, flight information service and search and rescue alerting), aeronautical information services, air traffic flow management and airspace management including terms and definitions

Air traffic services and air traffic flow management communication phraseologies and procedures

Security against acts of unlawful interference

Air traffic management corporate aspiration, mission, service and culture

Aircraft type recognition and associated wake turbulence and performance categories

Air traffic priorities

Airspace service priorities and the safety imperative

Aeronautical charts and maps used in aviation

Organisational and licensing administration

Safety occurrence reporting and just culture in the air traffic management workplace

Jurisdiction and adjacent airspace characteristics

Standard route structures and associated procedures, reporting, lowest safe heights, cruising levels and transfer of control points

Flexible tracking and user-preferred routing

Terrain and prominent landmarks affecting flight operations within en route airspace

Characteristics of en route sector air traffic patterns and traffic flows including hotspots, congestion and location of aerodromes and runways within and adjacent to jurisdiction airspace

Goals and characteristics of military flight operations

Prioritisation of area control tasks to achieve the safety critical imperative

Recovering from compromised aircraft separation and unauthorised use of airspaces

Division of responsibilities for air traffic services and air traffic flow management between en route airspaces and other interfacing elements

Aircraft conflict recognition and resolution in en route airspaces

Provision of air traffic services and air traffic flow management during system degradation including facility failures and restoration of system components

Area control separation standards and techniques and wake turbulence separation

Procedures for recording and/or annotating operational information

Coordination of air traffic services and air traffic flow management information

Departure and approach to land procedures and transition from instrument flight to visual flight and terrain protection

Conditional air traffic clearance

Adjusting route, track, heading and speed of aircraft

Handover-takeover procedures and practices

Human-machine Interface (HMI) states and associated interactions

Formation flight configurations, separation and procedures and practices

Required skills:

Communicate effectively with others when providing area control services

Actively listen when providing area control services

Perceive incoming information associated with strategic, tactical, geographic, spatial, system and environment components of a complex system

Comprehend incoming information and develop the current airspace and flight path model

Read and interpret instructions, regulations, procedures and other information relevant to area control services

Interpret and follow operational instructions and prioritise work

Complete documentation related to area control services

Operate electronic communication equipment to required protocol

Provide leadership and work collaboratively with others when providing area control services

Communicate in a team by exchanging information through assigning responsibility, acknowledgment, inquiring, and by recognising and noting facts that create team rapport and enhance team outputs

Adapt appropriately to cultural differences in the workplace, including modes of behaviour and interactions with others

Promptly report and/or rectify any identified problems that may occur when providing area control services in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures

Make decisions when providing area control services

Implement decisions using knowledge-based, rule-based and skill-based activities

Demonstrate an attitude to error management that limits unintentional deviation from work practices and maintains accuracy through application of disciplined procedures and practices and a methodical work ethic

Conduct aeronautical decision making

Maintain a strategic traffic management goal for the jurisdiction airspace

Implement contingency plans for unexpected events that may arise when providing area control services

Apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate hazards that may exist when providing area control services

Monitor and anticipate operational problems and hazards and take appropriate action

Monitor work activities in terms of planned schedule

Anticipate and prepare for work tasks

Adhere to procedures through a series of steps followed in a regular definite order or a traditional or established way of doing things when this is required

Modify activities dependent on differing workplace contingencies, situations and environments

Judge and form an opinion or evaluate situations by discerning and comparing information

React to some form of treatment or stressful situation by a considered and measured response in a timely fashion

Work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment

Adapt to differences in equipment and operating environment in accordance with standard operating procedures

Be receptive to training for the skills, knowledge, or experiences acquired or gained over a career

Implement OH&S procedures and relevant regulations

Identify and correctly use equipment required to provide area control services

Separate aircraft using area control techniques and standards

Separate aircraft using wake turbulence standards

Assign separation to the pilot

Process military aircraft

Interpret charts, maps and operational documentation associated with planning and conduct of flight

Facilitate in-flight diversions and/or changes of altitude and flight level

Maintain surveillance of en route airspaces

Scan the Human-machine Interface (HMI)

Formulate airways clearance and control instruction

Adjust route and track of aircraft

Vary heading of aircraft

Vary speed of aircraft

Record and annotate flight information and messages

Use checklists

Maintain surveillance in degraded mode

Plan and prioritise tasks according to the safety imperative

Interpret and evaluate current traffic events

Project and predict future traffic scenarios

Execute control actions

Apply human reasoning to airspace and flight path scenarios

Allocate attention according to demand and constantly switch between: managing the Human-machine Interface or equipment use; managing communications; and managing traffic

Evidence Required

The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required knowledge and skills, the range statement and the assessment guidelines for this Training Package.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

The evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria of this unit and include demonstration of applying:

the underpinning knowledge and skills

relevant legislation and workplace procedures

other relevant aspects of the range statement

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Performance is demonstrated consistently over a period of time and in a suitable range of contexts

Resources for assessment include:

a range of relevant exercises, case studies and/or other simulated practical and knowledge assessment, and/or

access to an appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace

In both real and simulated environments, access is required to:

relevant and appropriate materials and equipment, and

applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals

Method of assessment

Assessment of this unit must be undertaken by a registered training organisation

As a minimum, assessment of knowledge must be conducted through appropriate written/oral tests

Practical assessment must occur:

through activities in an appropriately simulated environment at the registered training organisation, and/or

in an appropriate range of situations in the workplace


Range Statement

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance.

Operations may be conducted

by day or night

in variable weather conditions

Performance may be demonstrated in:

simulated situations, and/or

an operational air traffic control workplace

Conflict of air traffic:

is a situation in which, in the opinion of air traffic services personnel, the distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and speed might compromise the safety of the aircraft operations

can occur between: aircraft, aircraft and obstructions, aircraft and vehicles/pedestrians, and aircraft and airspace boundaries

Recognising air traffic conflict might include:

maintaining situational awareness

scanning techniques

system tools for recognising conflicts

Graphic Display Tools

Flight Progress Strip (FPS) placement and manipulation and Flight Data Records (FDR)

System tools for recognising comprised separation may include:

Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA)

Danger Area Infringement Warning (DAIW)

Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW)

Route Adherence Monitoring (RAM)

Cleared Level Adherence Monitoring (CLAM)

ADS Route Conformance Warning (ARCW)

Bearing and Range Line

Separation standards include:

vertical separation standards (including with terrain)

reduced vertical separation standards (RVSM)

longitudinal separation standards

lateral separation standards

radar separation standards

ADS and ADS (B) standards

wake turbulence separation standards

visual separation standards

sight and follow standard

runway separation standards

emergency separation standards (vertical)

Alternative methods of resolving conflicts might include:

pilot responsibility for separation

adjusting route, track, heading or speed of aircraft

delaying clearances, including clearance to enter particular classifications of airspace

conditional clearances, requirements and limits

use of recommended headings under RADAR outside controlled airspace

refusing requests from pilots and/or other controllers

passing traffic information

Compromised separation might include:

situations where less than the applicable separation minima occurs between: aircraft; an aircraft and a hazard; or an aircraft and airspace boundaries

situations where separation assurance is not achieved (Loss of Separation Assurance - LOSA)

situations where one aircraft is subject to an emergency, i.e. emergency descent or forced landing

Administrative actions might include:

incident reporting procedures

'stand-down' procedures

Tactical separation assurance is defined as that which is achieved through:

proactive application of separation standards to avoid rather than resolve conflicts

planning traffic to guarantee rather than achieve separation

executing the plan so as to guarantee separation

monitoring the situation to ensure that plan and execution are effective

Strategic separation assurance is defined as that which:

places emphasis on the designing of airspace, air routes, air traffic management plans and air traffic control practices to reduce the likelihood aircraft will come into conflict

Dependent on the type of organisation concerned and the local terminology used, workplace procedures may include:

company procedures

enterprise procedures

organisational procedures

established procedures

standard operating procedures

regulatory standards and recommended practices

Information/documents may include:

Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) regulations and Manuals of Standards (MOS)

Local Instructions (LI) and Temporary Local Instructions (TLI)

training curricula and syllabi

equipment manufacturers specifications and instructions

Manual of Air Traffic Services (MATS)

Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)

workplace procedures, instructions

Training Standards Manual (TSM)

ICAO Document 4444, ATM/501, Procedures for Air Navigation Services, Air Traffic Management

occupational specification for air traffic controllers

industrial certified agreements and awards

training and assessment records

documented learning and assessment strategies

Applicable regulations and legislation may include:

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARP)

Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASR) and Manuals of Standards (MOS)

relevant Defence Orders and Instructions

Airservices Act (Commonwealth) 1995

OH&S Legislation (state and federal)

Civil Aviation Act (Commonwealth) 1988 and the Civil Aviation Amendment Act 1995


Sectors

Not applicable.


Competency Field

Y - Aircraft Operation and Traffic Management


Employability Skills

This unit contains employability skills.


Licensing Information

Not applicable.