Application
This unit involves the skills and knowledge required to perform intermediate calculations related to the seaworthiness of commercial vessels, including those dealing with vessel stability, fuel consumption, power and symmetrical flooding.
This unit applies to the work of a Marine Engineers Class 2 and forms part of the requirements for the Certificate of Competency Marine Engineer Class 2 issued by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA).
No licensing, legislative or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of publication.
Elements and Performance Criteria
Elements describe the essential outcomes. | Performance criteria describe the performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. | ||
1 | Calculate shipboard areas, volumes and displacement | 1.1 | Simpson’s Rules are applied to find typical and non-conforming shipboard areas |
1.2 | Simpson’s Rules are applied to calculate water plane areas or transverse sectional areas to determine underwater volumes | ||
1.3 | Simpson’s Rules are applied to immersed tonnes per centimetre values to determine displacement | ||
1.4 | Tonnes per centimetre is applied to determine change in mean draught due to addition or removal of mass | ||
2 | Calculate coefficients of form and changes in draught associated with fluid density | 2.1 | Application of coefficients of form are identified and explained |
2.2 | Problems are solved involving coefficients of form | ||
2.3 | Impact of hull modification on hull form coefficients is explained | ||
2.4 | Problems of coefficients of form are solved following change in length by mid body insertion/removal | ||
2.5 | Relationship between underwater volume/draught and fluid density is explained | ||
2.6 | Application of freeboard markings for Load Line Rules is explained | ||
2.7 | Density correction formula is defined | ||
2.8 | Change in mean draught due to change in density is calculated | ||
3 | Solve stability problems | 3.1 | Effects of adding, removing and transferring mass on board or from a vessel are explained |
3.2 | Calculations are performed to solve problems involving suspended masses | ||
3.3 | Positive, neutral and negative stability are distinguish from each other | ||
3.4 | How centre of gravity is calculated for redistribution, addition and/or removal of masses is explained, including the use of derricks | ||
3.5 | Problems are solved involving vertical and horizontal movement of masses to calculate KG and GM for typical vessel loaded conditions, together with true shift in vessel centre of gravity between specified conditions and small angle transverse stability | ||
3.6 | Vessel righting moment and GZ are explained | ||
3.7 | Calculations are performed to solve problems of small angle transverse stability | ||
3.8 | Purpose of an Inclining Experiment is explained | ||
3.9 | Formula for determining initial stability characteristics is applied | ||
3.10 | Calculations are performed to solve problems using Inclining Experiments | ||
4 | Calculate loss of transverse stability due to fluid free surface | 4.1 | Principles of liquid free surface are explained |
4.2 | Principles of metacentric height are explained | ||
4.3 | Centre of gravity solid is distinguished from centre of gravity fluid | ||
4.4 | Application of the second moment of area using parallel axis theorem to obtain free surface moment of inertia and use of density correction between vessel and free surface fluids is explained | ||
4.5 | Calculations are performed to solve problems of liquid free surface for simple compartments, including correction for free surface on metacentric height [GM] and fluid mass on centre of gravity [KG] | ||
5 | Calculate centroids and solve problems of hydrostatics | 5.1 | Importance of area and volume centroids and methods of determining KG, LCF, LCB and bulkhead area centroids is explained |
5.2 | Calculations are performed to solve problems related to area and volume centroids | ||
5.3 | Methods of calculating pressures and loads on typical tank structures for different filling rates, accidental flooding or tank testing are explained | ||
5.4 | Use of flat panel stiffeners and shear force reactions applicable to vertical bulkheads is explained | ||
5.5 | Calculations are performed to solve problems in hydrostatics relating to pressure and loads on ship structures, including bulkheads, stiffeners and shear forces | ||
6 | Solve problems involving propellers and powering | 6.1 | Factors that influence the speed of advance are explained |
6.2 | Calculations are performed to solve problems of single screw vessels | ||
6.3 | Relationships between propulsive coefficient, quasi propulsive coefficient and related powers together with typical values of losses for transmission, hull and propeller are explained | ||
6.4 | Components of hull resistance are explained | ||
6.5 | Calculations are performed to show impact of resistance augmentation and thrust deduction factors on powering of full size vessels | ||
6.6 | Causes, effects and methods of reducing cavitation are explained | ||
7 | Calculate voyage and daily fuel consumptions | 7.1 | Admiralty coefficient for fuel consumption is stated taking account of values for ship speed, shaft power and displacement |
7.2 | Vessel fuel consumption is calculated using admiralty coefficient | ||
7.3 | Calculations are performed to show relationship between fuel consumption and displacement | ||
7.4 | Calculations are performed to show relationship between daily fuel consumption and speed | ||
7.5 | Calculations are performed to show relationship between voyage consumption, speed and distance travelled | ||
7.6 | Voyage and daily fuel consumption are calculated taking into account propulsion, domestic loads and fuel reserve requirements | ||
8 | Solve problems related to symmetrical flooding | 8.1 | Volume lost-volume gained relationship for flooded compartments is explained |
8.2 | Modified volume lost by compartment subdivision is explained using a horizontal flat | ||
8.3 | Modified volume lost by compartment permeability is explained, including consideration of cargo stowage factor and relative density details | ||
8.4 | Problems of symmetrical flooding of simple box-shaped and standard hull forms involving flooding above and below horizontal subdivisions and different permeabilities are solved | ||
Evidence of Performance
Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements, performance criteria and range of conditions on at least one occasion and include: |
applying relevant work health and safety/occupational health and safety (WHS/OHS) requirements and work practices assessing own work outcomes and maintaining knowledge of current codes, standards, regulations and industry practices identifying and applying relevant mathematical formulas and techniques to solve problems related to speed, fuel consumption and stability of commercial vessels identifying and interpreting numerical and graphical information, and performing mathematical calculations related to shipboard areas and volumes, vessel displacement, ship dimensions, centre of gravity, vessel speed and fuel consumption identifying, collating and processing information required to perform calculations related to speed, fuel consumption and stability of commercial vessels imparting knowledge and ideas through oral, written and visual means reading and interpreting written information needed to perform calculations related to the seaworthiness of commercial vessels solving problems using appropriate laws and principles using calculators in performing accurate and reliable mathematical calculations. |
Evidence of Knowledge
Evidence required to demonstrate competence in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements, performance criteria and range of conditions and include knowledge of: |
admiralty and fuel coefficients buoyancy centre of gravity: KG, VCG and LCG calculations density correction formula displacement draught alterations fuel consumption calculations hydrostatic pressure intermediate principles of naval architecture metacentre principle of displacement propellers and powering ship: displacement measurements stability stability calculations shipboard areas shipboard volumes Simpson’s Rules structural members of a ship and the proper names of various parts symmetrical flooding tonnes per centimetre immersion (TPC) traverse stability trim and stress tables, diagrams and stress calculating equipment vessel speed calculations watertight integrity WHS/OHS requirements and work practices. |
Assessment Conditions
Assessors must satisfy National Vocational Education and Training Regulator (NVR)/Australian Quality Training Framework (AQTF) assessor requirements.
Assessment must satisfy the National Vocational Education and Training Regulator (NVR)/Australian Quality Training Framework (AQTF) standards.
Assessment processes and techniques must be appropriate to the language, literacy and numeracy requirements of the work being performed and the needs of the candidate.
Assessment must occur in workplace operational situations or where these are not available, in simulated workplace operational situations or an industry-approved marine operations site that replicates workplace conditions where intermediate principles of naval architecture can be applied.
Resources for assessment include access to:
applicable documentation including workplace procedures, regulations, codes of practice and operation manuals
appropriate range of relevant operational situations in the workplace
technical reference library with current publications on naval architecture
tools, equipment, materials and personal protective equipment currently used in industry
vessel diagrams and specifications and other information required for mathematical calculations related to shipboard areas and volumes, vessel displacement, centre of gravity, vessel speed, fuel consumption, vessel stability, power and symmetrical flooding.
Performance should be demonstrated consistently over time and in a suitable range of contexts.
Foundation Skills
Foundation skills essential to performance are explicit in the performance criteria of this unit of competency. |
Range Statement
Range is restricted to essential operating conditions and any other variables essential to the work environment. | |
Shipboard areas include one or more of the following: | bulkheads elemental areas water planes |
Coefficients of form include one or more of the following: | block coefficient midship section area coefficient prismatic coefficient waterplane area coefficient |
Centre of gravity must include: | centre of gravity (KG) longitundal centre of gravity (LCG) vertical centre of gravity (VCG) |
Speed of advance must include: | apparent and true slips Taylor wake fraction theoretical, apparent and true speeds wake speed |
Related powers must include: | delivered effective indicated shaft thrust |
Hull resistance must include: | frictional residuary total |
Shipboard areas include one or more of the following: | bulkheads elemental areas water planes |
Sectors
Not applicable.
Competency Field
L – Marine Engineering