This unit of competency is applicable to technical working in all industry sectors. All operations must comply with relevant standards, appropriate procedures and/or enterprise requirements. Although a supervisor may not always be present, the technician will follow standard operating procedures (SOPs) that clearly describe the scope of permitted practice, including varying enterprise/test procedures and communicating results to people outside the laboratory.

Industry representatives have provided case studies to illustrate the practical application of this unit of competency and to show its relevance in a workplace setting. These can be found at the end of this unit of competency under the section 'This competency in practice'.

MSL975009A

Perform routine chromatographic techniques

OR

MSL975020A

Apply routine spectrometric techniques

AND

MSL974003A

Perform chemical tests

OR

MSL974004A

Perform food tests

OR

MSL974006A

Perform biological procedures

MSL973007A

Perform microscopic examination, and

MSL973004A

Perform aseptic techniques

AND

MSL973002A

Prepare working solutions

OR

MSL974001A

Prepare, standardise and use solutions

ELEMENT

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1. Develop an analysis plan with supervisor

1.1. Liaise with client or sample provider to determine test requirements and sample characteristics

1.2. Record sample description, compare with specification, record and report discrepancies

1.3. Confirm suitable sample preparation methods, quantification and analytical techniques with supervisor

1.4. Schedule analysis using enterprise procedures

2. Reduce the complexity of the sample

2.1. Obtain a representative analytical portion of the laboratory sample

2.2. Prepare validation checks for analytical portions

2.3. Use enterprise procedures to simplify the sample matrix

2.4. Conduct tests to ensure that sample preparation is complete

3. Apply quantification method

3.1. Add modifiers to remove/minimise interferences

3.2. Conduct preliminary analysis to estimate analyte concentration

3.3. Match the concentration of analyte in the sample with the working range of the instrument

3.4. Prepare calibration standards to suit quantification method

4. Perform analysis

4.1. Set up and optimise instruments to suit sample/test requirements

4.2. Measure analyte response for standards, validation checks and samples

4.3. Conduct sufficient measurements to obtain reliable data

4.4. Return instruments to standby or shutdown condition as required

5. Process and analyse data

5.1. Confirm data is the result of valid measurements

5.2. Perform required calculations and ensure results are consistent with estimations and expectations

5.3. Record results with the appropriate accuracy, precision units and uncertainty

5.4. Analyse trends in data and/or results and report out of specification or atypical results promptly to appropriate personnel

5.5. Troubleshoot analytical procedure or equipment problems which have led to atypical data or results

6. Maintain a safe work environment

6.1. Identify risks/hazards, safety equipment and control measures associated with sample handling, preparation and test methods

6.2. Use personal protective equipment and safety procedures as specified for test method and materials to be tested

6.3. Minimise the generation of wastes and environmental impact

6.4. Ensure the safe disposal of laboratory wastes

6.5. Clean, care for and store equipment and consumables in accordance with enterprise procedures

7. Maintain laboratory records

7.1. Enter approved data and results into laboratory information management system (LIMS)

7.2. Maintain security, integrity and traceability of samples and documentation

7.3. Maintain equipment and logs in accordance with enterprise procedures

Required skills

Required skills include:

interpreting client requests, test methods and procedures accurately

safely setting up, starting up and shutting down equipment using enterprise procedures

checking calibration/qualification status of equipment

preparing samples and standards

optimising procedures and equipment to suit sample/test requirements

maintaining close attention to measurement procedures, accuracy and precision during lengthy complex tests

calculating analyte concentrations with appropriate accuracy, precision, units and uncertainty

recognising atypical data/results

troubleshooting common analytical procedure and equipment problems

recording and reporting data/results

maintaining security, integrity and traceability of samples and documentation

following occupational health and safety(OHS) procedures and principles of good laboratory practice (GLP)

Required knowledge

Required knowledge includes:

principles and concepts underpinning the analysis, such as:

effects of interferents with analyte behaviour, such as ionisation, complexation, precipitation, masking and association

quantification methods, such as internal standards, standard additions, Gran's Plot and recovery checks

chemical, physical treatments to minimise interferences

function of key components of equipment

effects of modifying instrumental variables on outputs and results

handling of hazardous chemicals and samples and/or the fragile/labile nature of biological material

sample preparation procedures

preparation and use of calibration charts and/or standards

calculation steps to give results in appropriate units, precision and uncertainty

enterprise and/or legal traceability requirements

basic procedure and equipment troubleshooting techniques

basic equipment maintenance procedures

relevant health, safety and environment requirements

Specific industry

Additional knowledge requirements may apply for different industry sectors. For example:

nature of specific sample matrices

special needs for sample treatment/pre-treatment

industry specific instrumentation

The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required skills and knowledge, range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package.

Overview of assessment

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

Assessors should ensure that candidates can:

interpret client request, test methods and procedures accurately

safely set up, start up and shut down equipment using enterprise procedures

check calibration/qualification status of equipment

prepare samples and standards appropriately

optimise procedures and equipment to suit sample/test requirements

maintain close attention to measurement procedures, accuracy and precision during lengthy complex tests

calculate analyte concentrations with appropriate accuracy, precision and units

recognise atypical data/results

troubleshoot common analytical procedure and equipment problems

record and reports data/results using enterprise procedures

maintain security, integrity and traceability of samples and documentation

follow OHS procedures and principles of GLP.

Context of and specific resources for assessment

This unit of competency is to be assessed in the workplace or simulated workplace environment.

This unit of competency may be assessed with:

MSL925001A Analyse data and report results.

Resources may include:

standard laboratory with appropriate analytical instruments, laboratory reagents and equipment

SOPs and test methods.

Method of assessment

The following assessment methods are suggested:

review of test data/results obtained by the candidate over time to ensure accuracy, consistency and timeliness of results

inspection of test records and workplace documentation completed by the candidate

observation of candidate conducting a range of complex tests to measure chemical properties of materials

feedback from clients, peers and supervisors

oral or written questioning of relevant chemical principles, concepts, analytical techniques and enterprise procedures.

In all cases, practical assessment should be supported by questions to assess underpinning knowledge and those aspects of competency which are difficult to assess directly.

Where applicable, reasonable adjustment must be made to work environments and training situations to accommodate ethnicity, age, gender, demographics and disability.

Access must be provided to appropriate learning and/or assessment support when required.

The language, literacy and numeracy demands of assessment should not be greater than those required to undertake the unit of competency in a work like environment.

This competency in practice

Industry representatives have provided the case study below to illustrate the practical application of this unit of competency and to show its relevance in a workplace setting.

Environmental

The analysis of a soil sample for nutrient profiles requires a complex procedure for simplifying the soil matrix and then performing multiple analyses on the sample in order to obtain data on both macro and micro soil nutrients. To determine the chemical suitability of a particular soil for agricultural activity, a detailed analysis is required of macro-nutrients, such as nitrate, phosphate and potassium as well as micro-nutrients, such as metals (including copper (Cu), selenium (Se)molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe) and sulphate.

A technician is given a composite soil sample from a client and uses the standard techniques of riffling and coning and quartering to obtain representative sub-samples for laboratory analysis. The technician then removes the soil matrix by one of several methods depending on the type of nutrient analysis being performed.

For soil micro-nutrients, such as trace metals, they dry the sample (to remove moisture and obtain the dry weight), then wet ash it with concentrated sulphuric acid (to remove carbonaceous components), and finally resuspend it in dilute nitric acid. Once the technician is satisfied that the matrix has been simplified sufficiently, they then use an inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer to ascertain the concentration of trace metals in the soil.

The analysis for macro-nutrients, such as phosphate, is performed in several ways due to the enormously variable processes involved in weathering of parent material into soil. One common macro-nutrient test is for leachable phosphate, which involves extraction of labile phosphate from the soil matrix. In this case, the technician uses the Olsen method. They remove the analyte from the complex soil matrix by extracting it with hydrogen carbonate solution and quantify the liberated analyte using visible spectrophotometry.

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included.

Codes of practice

Where reference is made to industry codes of practice, and/or Australian/international standards, it is expected the latest version will be used

Standards, codes, procedures and/or enterprise requirements

Standards, codes, procedures and/or enterprise requirements may include:

Australian and international standards, such as:

AS 2252 Biological safety cabinets

AS ISO 17025-2005 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

AS/NZS 2243 Set:2006 Safety in laboratories set

AS/NZS 2982.1:1997 Laboratory design and construction - General requirements

AS/NZS ISO 14000 Set:2005 Environmental management standards set

AS/NZS ISO 9000 Set:2008 Quality management systems set

AS 2830.1 Good laboratory practice - Chemical analysis

AS 2162.1 General - Volumetric glassware

AS 2134.1 Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy

ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3 Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM)

Eurachem/CITAC Guide CG4 Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement

use of specific standards such as:

Association of Analytical Communities International (AOAC International) Official Methods of Analysis

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)

Australian code of good manufacturing practice for medicinal products (GMP)

calibration and maintenance schedules

cleaning, hygiene and personal hygiene requirements

data quality procedures

enterprise procedures, SOPs and operating manuals

enterprise recording and reporting procedures

equipment startup, operation and shutdown procedures

incident and accident/injury reports

material safety data sheets (MSDS)

material, production and product specifications

national measurement regulations and guidelines

principles of GLP

production and laboratory schedules

quality manuals, equipment and procedure manuals

quality system and continued improvement processes

safety requirements for equipment, materials or products

sampling procedures (labelling, preparation, storage, transport and disposal)

schematics, work flows and laboratory layouts

statutory and enterprise OHS requirements

stock records and inventory

test procedures (validated and authorised)

training program contents

waste minimisation, containment, processing and disposal procedures

Test requirements

Test requirements may include:

specification of concentration and limits of analytes

time and cost limitations

Sample preparation

Sample preparation may include:

identification of any hazards associated with the samples and/or analytical chemicals

grinding, mulling, preparation of disks, digestion, dissolving, ashing, refluxing, extraction, filtration, evaporation, flocculation, precipitation, washing, drying and centrifugation

solid-phase micro-extraction

determination of, and if appropriate, removal of any contaminants or impurities

ultra-trace procedures requiring high purity solvents, clean rooms, ultra clean glassware and specialised glassware

Quantification techniques

Quantification techniques may include:

matrix matched standards

standard additions

international standards

Analytical techniques

Analytical techniques may include:

spectrometric techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS)

chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), ion chromatography (IC)

electrometric techniques, such as ion selective electrodes, voltammetry (polarography) and anodic stripping voltammetry

electrophoretic techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis

Typical analytes and samples requiring complex tests

Typical analytes and samples requiring complex tests may involve:

contaminants in food, such as heavy metals and afflotoxins

trace level (microgram and nanogram/litre) analytes

forensic testing, drug testing in body tissues and fluids

multiple analytes, such as organochlorins and polyaromatic hydrocarbons

environmental contaminants in water, soil and air (such as pesticides)

sludge, waste water and sewage

samples with matrix interferences

Validation checks

Validation checks may include:

recovery checks

use of standard/certified samples

Common analytical procedure and equipment problems

Common analytical procedure and equipment problems may include:

matrix interference

spectral interference

problems associated with the physical state of the analyte, such as blockages and viscosity changing flow rates to instruments

Hazards

Hazards may include:

electric shock

biohazards:

microbiological organisms and agents associated with soil, air, water, blood and blood products, and human or animal tissue and fluids

mycotoxins

chemicals:

acids (e.g. sulphuric, perchloric and hydrofluoric)

heavy metals and pesticides

anions (e.g. fluoride)

hydrocarbons )e.g. mono-aromatics)

radiation (nuclear, lasers and ultraviolet (UV))

sharps and broken glassware

aerosols from broken centrifuge tubes and pipetting

flammable liquids and gases

cryogenics, such as dry ice and liquid nitrogen

fluids under pressure, such as hydrogen in gas liquid chromatography, acetylene in atomic absorption spectrometry

sources of ignition

high temperature ashing processes

disturbance or interruption of services

Addressing hazards

Addressing hazards may include:

MSDS

labelling of samples, reagents, aliquoted samples and hazardous materials

use of personal protective equipment, such as gloves, safety glasses and coveralls

use of fumehoods and direct extraction of vapours and gases

use of appropriate equipment, such as biohazard containers, laminar flow cabinets, Class I, II and III biohazard cabinets

handling and storage of all hazardous materials and equipment in accordance with labelling, MSDS and manufacturer's instructions

minimising exposure to radiation ionising, such as lasers, electromagnetic and UV radiation

Tests for completeness of sample preparation

Tests for completeness of sample preparation may include:

visual inspection for colour and solids

odour

pH and conductivity

chemical tests for interferents, such as precipitation and colour forming

basic screening instrumental tests, such as IR, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and gas chromatography

Modifiers

Modifiers may include:

ionisation suppressants, such as Caesium for Ca, Na, K in atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)

ionic strength and pH buffers, such as TISAB for fluoride in ion-selective electrode (ISE)

releasing agents, such as Lanthanum and Strontium for Ca in AAS

volatility suppressants, such as phosphate for Pb in electrothermal AAS

Occupational health and safety (OHS) and environmental management requirements

OHS and environmental management requirements:

all operations must comply with enterprise OHS and environmental management requirements, which may be imposed through state/territory or federal legislation - these requirements must not be compromised at any time

all operations assume the potentially hazardous nature of samples and require standard precautions to be applied

where relevant, users should access and apply current industry understanding of infection control issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and State and Territory Departments of Health

Unit sector

Testing

This unit contains employability skills.