ELEMENT

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1. Prepare to translate

1.1 Confirm assignment requirements and prepare suitable tools and equipment.

1.2 Attend to source content and identify topic and key elements.

1.3 Identify technical problems and mark up source script where relevant.

1.4 Analyse and address technical or transfer issues through negotiation with clients and technical advisers.

1.5 Develop and extend glossary and make critical use of other reference material to identify meaning in context.

1.6 Choose approach to translation suitable to target audience and purpose of the text.

2 Draft translation

2.1 Research and apply established translation precedents, making critical use of reference material, and identify need for additional resources and information.

2.2 Research facts and cultural and situational references where necessary and analyse and adapt cultural and linguistic content as appropriate.

2.3 Produce draft translations of source texts that are accurate, coherent, and appropriate for context, target audience and end use.

2.4 Record translation decisions and justification in glossary.

3 Adapt draft translation to requirements

3.1 Review translation with reference to time code and vision, and match to timing.

3.2 Adapt to image and audio delivery applying conventions to maintain narrative flow.

3.3 Ensure that translation is fit for purpose.

4 Check draft translation

4.1 Check accuracy and coherence of draft translation, and identify and correct errors manually and using computer-based tools.

4.2 Confirm consistency of register, style and terminology of target translation and evaluate functional equivalence and fidelity as appropriate to target audience.

4.3 Collaborate with appropriate advisers to obtain independent quality control and incorporate recommended changes.

5 Finalise translation

5.1 Use technology to format translation according to agreed specifications and end use requirements.

5.2 Proofread translation and produce final version according to client requirements and within suitable timeframe.

5.3 Discuss issues and solutions with relevant persons and explore process improvement strategies.

Required skills

analytical skills to analyse own work practices and evaluate process outcomes critically

communication skills to identify and confirm requirements with client and collaborate with colleagues and advisors

language skills to comprehend audiovisual source and meet target text requirements given the need to write for spoken or signed delivery, including:

adjusting syntax to match words to screen image

attending to natural semantic order

presenting information linearly

placing subject and verb in close proximity

re-casting relative clauses as separate sentences

using short sentences

literacy skills to:

mark up source language script

read and follow instructions

record translation decisions and justification in glossary

research cultural and linguistic content

numeracy skills to:

match translated text to timing of audio and visual source material

translate script with reference to time codes

problem-solving skills to:

address technical problems

develop strategies for addressing translation issues and transfer problems

research skills to:

develop and extend glossary and other reference material

identify translation precedents relevant to assignments

make critical use of reference material

undertake advanced research into cultural and situational references

self-management skills to:

ensure suitable work environment, including adequate light, physical comfort and ergonomic work practices

organise and use tools and equipment suitable to task

teamwork skills to:

liaise with colleagues to obtain independent quality control

discuss and agree upon recommended changes

technical skills to:

adapt translation to visual and audio delivery of source text

translate with reference to time code and images

technology skills to:

use audio-visual equipment

use information and communications technology to translate audio/visual source language

advanced translating skills to translate source texts into functionally equivalent target texts, including:

adaptation

contrastive analysis of meaning and language

equivalence at the level of discourse, pragmatics, syntax and word

grammatical function transposition

localisation

Required knowledge

advanced research methodologies and sources of reference material suitable to translating assignments

censorship rules

subject and assignment protocols and conventions

purpose and implications of translation

mark-up protocols

narration and re-voicing techniques, limitations and protocols

OHS practices and procedures relevant to assignment

processes for recording data and administering records

professional procedures and guidelines, ethical practices and business standards applicable to assignment

high-order comprehension of spoken source language

high-order target language to meet spoken register target text requirements

sources of reference material suitable to translating assignment

subtitling conventions

techniques for adapting cultural and linguistic content

techniques for matching translation to images or sound

tools and equipment required to translate for audio tapes, broadcasting and subtitling

The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required skills and knowledge, range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

In addition to integrated demonstration of the elements and their related performance criteria, look for evidence that confirms the ability to translate audio and audiovisual source language tapes and scripts so that they may be narrated or re-voiced in a target language, or be used as subtitles or captioning to a video source text. This includes:

negotiating client and assignment requirements and issues associated with media sources and technology

identifying purposes, end product, quality mechanisms, and expectations

using specialist equipment, resources and glossaries

drafting and reviewing translations to reflect the purpose and conditions of the end use

maintaining consistency of register, style and terminology of target text and evaluate functional equivalence and fidelity as appropriate to purpose and target audience

analysing and adapting cultural and linguistic content as appropriate to purpose and target audience

matching to timing and adapting to image and audio delivery to maintain narrative flow

collaborating with clients, advisers and technical support

using high-order language skills, including the ability to code switch between spoken and written language, and to translate into spoken register

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Evidence for assessment of this unit of competency will make use of scenarios, case studies, experiences and, where possible, examples of interactions with colleagues and clients which illustrate a range of skills and strategies for translating multimedia source material.

Resources for assessment include:

examples of a range of texts produced from audiovisual sources

observation of candidate translating from audiovisual sources in real and simulated settings using appropriate available technology

scenarios which provide examples of:

a range of different client purpose, conditions and requirements

practical and technical issues and problems and how they are addressed

This competency will ideally be assessed in a multimedia environment with access to suitable equipment and technology reflecting current practice. While the content and scenarios may be simulated, evidence should reflect the conditions of real assignments in translating a range of multimedia source material for both scripts and sub-titles or captions.

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included.

Tools and equipment may include:

computer with scripting software

media player

video recording, reviewing and editing equipment

monitor

offline medium

script template

stop watch

time code device

Key elements may include:

context

purpose

register

Source script is marked up to:

note in and out times for narration and other speech

note in and out times for supers, credits and other on-screen text

note technical problems

number paragraphs and cues

Issues may include:

quality of audio/visual source

censorship issues

client expectations

language such as jargon, dialect and idiomatic expression

allocation of time and resources

technical support

familiarity with technology

copyright

transfer issues

for Auslan target texts linguistic factors:

sign articulation in a 2D medium

appropriate non-manual and prosodic features

cohesion

welfare and safety issues

Matching to time may include:

may involve contacting author or client for suggestions and:

condensing length of text to fit in and out times

lengthening text with adjectives

matching text to frames

Adapting to image and audio delivery may include:

applying relevant subtitling conventions

reading target text aloud

using appropriate strategies to ensure that target language responds to demands of vision and audio delivery:

adjusting syntax in order to match words to screen image

attending to natural semantic order

keeping sentences short and simple

placing most important word at end of sentence

placing subject and verb in close proximity

presenting information linearly

re-casting relative clauses as separate sentences

Fit for purpose may include:

narration

re-voicing

supers, credits and on-screen text

for Auslan/English interpreter incorporate through picture-in-picture

Appropriate advisers may include:

client

editor

checking translator

specialist expert