8) Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills (EKAS): This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit. Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of designing overhead distribution systems. All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies. KS01-TDS35A Power system overhead distribution - design Evidence shall show an understanding of the designing of overhead distribution power systems to an extent indicated by the following aspects: T1 Mathematics techniques encompassing: Calculations involving fractions, decimals, ratios, proportions Calculations involving area, volume, mass and density Calculations involving transposition and substitution of formulae Calculations involving simple trigonometric problems. T2 Engineering mechanics encompassing: Identification of basic concepts, principles and applications - Application of velocity, acceleration, force, density, torque, and pressure Applications of the SI units The relationship between work, power and energy Behavior of object under force - using a block and tackle under load, concept of mechanical advantage, determination of resultant forces and determining the sag in a catenary conductor and the force applied at each end Fundamentals of the basic laws of fluid mechanics. T3 Materials properties encompassing: Identification and classification of engineering materials material properties Types and applications - properties of tensile strength, effects of temperature on the expansion of metals, ductibility, malleability, work hardening and annealing and the conditions that lead to corrosion and the properties of timbers. T4 Installation of overhead distribution conductors encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to installing conductors and associated equipment Requirements for the use of overhead line construction manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings - material lists, conductor size, type and route length. Constructions types and structures for distribution and sub transmission lines Types, sizes and characterises of overhead conductors Resources for the stringing and maintenance of conductors - types of low and high voltage overhead electrical conductor connections, causes and effects of poor electrical connections, reasons for and methods used to maintain standard phase sequencing, removing, repairing and replacing of damage conductors, minimum clearances between overhead conductors and low and high voltage structures. Techniques for conductor installation - types and application of tools, equipment and hardware, methods of stringing, tensioning and termination of low and high voltage conductors. T5 Installation of poles and or structures and hardware encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to installing poles and associated hardware Requirements for the use of enterprise construction manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings - characteristics and applications of different types of poles and associated hardware Techniques for installing poles and associated hardware - types of installation equipment/tools, excavation methods, types of footings/foundations, types of attachments, earthing systems, clearances between conductors, safe methods of erecting and stabling poles and or structures and cross arms. Techniques for maintenance of poles and associated hardware - stabilisation techniques for unstable poles, methods of strengthen poles, maintenance and replacement of high voltage insulators and cross arms. T6 Installation of metering and control equipment encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements pertaining to the installation and maintenance of energy meters and associated equipment Types of meters - kilowatt-hour meters single and polyphase, demand meters, recording meters and electronic recording metering systems summators Installation and removal methods - direct connection and plug in method, enterprise specific Types of associated equipment and accessories - meter boards, service fuse, links, contactors, time switch, audio frequency injection relay Testing procedures - safety testing, polarity testing T7 Different types and function of distribution components encompassing: Commonwealth/State/Territory and local government legislation, Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the use and application of distribution components Requirements for the use of overhead line construction manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Types, function and characteristics of distribution components Safety policies and procedures precautions related to the handling and installing distribution components T8 Principles of Statutory and safety considerations encompassing: Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, standards, codes, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with working on High Voltage Particular reference to State and Territory regulations regarding - working near energised conductors, electrical access, heights, confined space, testing procedures, licensing rules. T9 High voltage SWER system encompassing: Application and function of SWER system components Circuit arrangement Principle of operation Hazards and procedures associated with faulty SWER earth systems Procedure to isolate, energise and commission SWER substations T10 Power distribution network documentation encompassing: Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings and for plans such as work method statements for the control of OHS risks Types and application of power distribution network documentation drawings and documents - wiring and schematic diagrams, drawings and switching symbols, mechanical drawings dealing with the power distribution network, project charts, schedules, graphs, technical manuals and catalogues, instruction/worksheets sheets. Interpretation of different diagrams and documentation on LV and HV systems - overhead distribution extensions, underground distribution extensions, distribution substation, street lighting system. T11 Layout principles for overhead distribution encompassing: Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, Standards, codes, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to overhead distribution layout Requirements for the use of overhead line construction manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings and for plans such as work method statements for the control of OHS risks Methods in determining material, equipment and tool lists - components types and quantity required, spacing of components such as equipment, poles, cross-arms, costings of items and components. Purchasing and contractual arrangements to include a requirement to eliminate OHS hazards, minimise risks and provide residual OHS risk information Determination of conductor size, type and route length - Resources needed for the stringing and maintenance of conductors Types of low LV and HV overhead electrical conductor connections Minimum clearances between overhead conductors and low LV and/HV structures Estimation of the duration of overhead distribution extension project T12 System components and layouts encompassing: Distribution system layouts - overhead/underground, urban/rural, HV customers, high rise building systems, three phase lines, single phase lines, SWER systems, spur, parallel and ring systems, typical substation types. Transmission system layouts - lines, buses, transformers and cables, line/bus layouts including single, double, ring and breaker and half systems, HV crossing methods. T13 AC transmission system components encompassing: Support structures and reasons for selection Insulators and reasons for selection Conductors and reasons for selection Vibration management systems and principles Line ratings based on voltage, span, tension and temperature T14 AC transmission line electrical parameters encompassing: Typical arrangements Parameters of significance Calculation of line parameters - Calculation of resistive, inductive and capacitive values assuming regular transposition and solid conductors Comparison with actual values Typical parameter values and ratios for different voltage level lines. T15 AC transmission line models encompassing: Types of transmission line models based on line length Calculation of voltage drop, line regulation, and transmission efficiency Load sharing between lines. T16 Basic design features and characteristics of poles/structures and associated equipment and or components encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to installing of poles/structures and associated equipment and or components Distribution systems principles – terminologies, primary and secondary, voltage levels, supply quality, load curve profiles (residential/industrial/commercial), types of feeders, urban and rural single-phase systems, SWER Characteristics of poles - types of poles (wood, concrete and steel), installation methods of poles (tooling, rake, life, labelling, sinking), maintenance techniques of poles - above and below ground pole strength and loads. Characteristics of associated equipment used on poles and structures - crossarms (types and standard sizes), insulators. T17 Basic design features and characteristics of underground cables, lines, poles/structures and associated equipment and or components encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to installing conductors and associated equipment Overhead lines characteristics - type of components, characteristics of conductor material, mechanical limitations and physical dimensions of lines, current rating factors (heating, voltage drops, power losses) of conductors, aerial bundled cables (HV and LV), covered conductors. Characteristics and constructional features of poles and structures - types of poles and structures, characteristics of poles/structure materials, mechanical limitations of poles/structures, footings and additional support techniques. Characteristics and constructional features of underground cables - underground cables constructional features, insulation materials and abbreviations, cable dielectrics, electric stress, cable voltage drop. Calculation of cable volt drop in relation to length of cable run Techniques in reducing electrical stress on cables Cable rating factors Methods of joining and terminating cables Techniques in the installation of cables above and below ground Techniques in cable testing and the location of cable faults Techniques in cable drawing. |