8) Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills (EKAS): This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit. Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of preparing and managing detailed construction plans for electrical system infrastructure All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies. KS01-TDS39A Prepare and manage detailed construction plans for electrical power system infrastructure Evidence shall show an understanding of the preparation and management of detailed construction plans for electrical power system to an extent indicated by the following aspects: T1 Working safely on or around electrical equipment through the application of risk management principles and control measures for dealing with non-electrical hazards and extra-low voltage, low-voltage and high-voltage hazards and high-current hazards encompassing: Risk management and assessment of risk encompassing, principle and purpose of risk management and the processes for conducting a risk assessment Hazards associated with low-voltage, extra-low voltage and high-currents - arrangement of power distribution and circuits in an electrical installations, parts of an electrical system and equipment that operate at low-voltage and extra-low voltage, parts of an electrical system and equipment where high-currents are likely. Risks and control measures associated with high-voltage - parts of an electrical system and equipment that operate at high-voltage, the terms ‘touch voltage’, ‘step voltage’, ‘induced voltage’ and ‘creepage’ as they relate to the hazards of high-voltage and control measures used for dealing with the hazards of high-voltage Optical fibre safety - coherent optical sources and joining procedures and laser safety class 3a devices or their replacement. Risks and control measures associated with low voltage encompassing modifying electrical installations, fault finding, maintenance and repair, control measures before, while and after working on electrical installations, circuits or equipment, isolation and tagging-off procedures, risks and restrictions in working live and control measures for working live. Risks and control measures associated with harmful dusts and airborne contaminants - thermal insulation, fibrous cement materials and asbestos and other fibre reinforced switchboard materials. Safety, selection, use, maintenance and care of test equipment encompassing safety characteristics of electrical testing devices, safe use of electrical testing device and checks and storage methods for maintaining the safety of testing devices. T2 OHS enterprise responsibilities encompassing: Provisions of relevant health and safety legislation Principles and practice of effective occupational health and safety management Management arrangements relating to regulatory compliance Enterprise hazards and risks, control measures and relevant expertise required Characteristics and composition of workforce and their impact on occupational health and safety management Relevance of enterprise management system to occupational health and safety management Analysis of working environment and design of appropriate occupational health and safety management systems Analysis of relevant data and evaluation of occupational health and safety system effectiveness Assess resources to establish and maintain occupational health and safety management systems. T3 Transmission, distribution and rail systems encompassing: Relationship between the transmission, distribution and rail/tram system within an overall power system - different organisations responsible for generation, transmission, distribution and rail/tram and, how they correlate and their functions Characteristics of a transmission, a distribution and a rail system - principal components, typical voltage levels and methods of transmission and distribution including grid type transmission systems, radial, parallel and ring main feeders Relationship between an overhead and underground supply systems within an overall power system, note examples include advantages/disadvantages, applications and the basic steps for planning and installing an overhead and underground distribution system Single line drawings and layouts - drawings and layouts of transmission and distribution systems including, radial, parallel and ring main feeders and the HV equipment associated with substations T4 Installation of overhead distribution conductors encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to installing conductors and associated equipment Requirements for the use of overhead line construction manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings - material lists, conductor size, type and route length. Constructions types and structures for distribution and sub transmission lines Types, sizes and characterises of overhead conductors Resources for the stringing and maintenance of conductors - types of low and high voltage overhead electrical conductor connections, causes and effects of poor electrical connections, reasons for and methods used to maintain standard phase sequencing, removing, repairing and replacing of damage conductors, minimum clearances between overhead conductors and low and high voltage structures. Techniques for conductor installation - types and application of tools, equipment and hardware, methods of stringing, tensioning and termination of low and high voltage conductors. T5 Powerline safety practices encompassing: Protective apparatus and apparel for linework - responsibilities for the selection, use, maintenance and storage of protective apparatus and apparel and the types of protective apparatus and apparel used for the line worker Requirements for the use of ladders - practical demonstration of carrying, erecting, collapsing and lowering different types of extension ladder against a standing pole, maintenance checks on different types of ladders, renewal of extension ropes and the safety issues relating to clearances from overhead conductors Requirements for climbing and working aloft - methods used to identify a pole is safe to climb, methods used to inspect a line worker’s body belt, application of knots and hitches appropriate to the requirements of a line worker, height safety principles including personal fall protection, prevention and related requirements, and the practical procedure of climbing an overhead structure and fitting a pole chair Traffic management - purpose of traffic management and a line worker’s responsibilities in accordance with relevant statutory requirements and electricity supply industry requirements, demonstration of the procedure used to provide an effective traffic management scheme and the use of a two-way radio Control of small fires - the identification, selection and operation of the appropriate extinguishing mediums for various types of fires, general fire prevention methods and the precautions for personal protection when fighting small fires Rescue victims from heights and confined spaces - planning, identifying, the procedures, and establishing responses, developing techniques, involvement of external emergency services and practical demonstration/rehearsals of rescuing a person from heights and from confined spaces and emergency procedures for the rescue of an electric shock victim including CPR Requirements for aerial linework - planning, establishing and implementing relevant aviation authority clearances, determining system requirements, aircrew familiarisation with network operations and equipment, requirements for effective communications operations for aerial work T6 Implementation and monitoring requirements for powerline safety encompassing: Identification of relevant legislation, codes and government guidelines for the implementation and monitoring of OHS in the workplace - Commonwealth/ State/ Territory legislation relevant to the workplace and the meaning of general duty of care under OHS legislation and common law Workplace OHS enterprise plan - responsibilities of each member of the work team, review process for changing/improving OHS safety plan/standing instructions for the systematic management of OHS in the workplace Relationship between the OHS committee and employees - methods used to collate and distribute/disseminate OHS information, staff development activities and legislation requirements with regards to OHS training, methods of addressing barriers such as literacy and cultural differences and provisions relating to OHS issue resolution Hazards associated with Powerline industry - identification of hazards in the workplace, processes used and contributing factors to a hazardous situation assessment of risks and control of OHS risks (risk management), the hierarchy of control and monitoring of risk control measures Risk assessment and its management in Powerline industry - principles and purposes of risk management, processes for conducting risk assessment including, risk analysis and risk evaluation activities for selecting and implementing appropriate options for eliminating or minimising risk Maintenance strategies for OHS programs - developing processes for promoting, maintaining and improving OHS in the workplace and identify techniques for the evaluating and reviewing OHS education and training programs and elements of an effective OHS management system, OHS consultation and accident/incident investigations T7 Principles of safe design encompassing: Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, standards, codes, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with safe design principles Particular reference to state and territory regulations regarding: working near energised conductors, electrical access, heights, confined space, testing procedures and licensing rules Application of safe design principles - safe design duty related information, safe design process related information and safe design evaluations T8 High voltage SWER system encompassing: Application and function of SWER system components Circuit arrangement Principle of operation Hazards and procedures associated with faulty SWER earth systems Procedure to isolate, energise and commission SWER substations T9 Enterprise specific switching diagrams and drawing encompassing: Types and application of enterprise specific switching drawings and documents - wiring and schematic diagrams and switching symbols, mechanical drawings dealing with switching operations, project charts, switching schedules, graphs, technical manuals and catalogues, instruction/work sheets. Interpretation of different system switching diagrams - LV system switching diagrams, DC traction supply sectioning diagrams, HV transmission and distribution system symbols and feeder plans, processes of updating switching diagrams T10 Power distribution network documentation encompassing: Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings and for plans such as work method statements for the control of OHS risks Types and application of power distribution network documentation drawings and documents - wiring and schematic diagrams, drawings and switching symbols, mechanical drawings dealing with the power distribution network, project charts, schedules, graphs, technical manuals and catalogues, instruction/worksheets sheets. Interpretation of different diagrams and documentation on LV and HV systems - overhead distribution extensions, underground distribution extensions, distribution substation, street lighting systems. T11 System components and layouts encompassing: Distribution system layouts - overhead/underground, urban/rural, HV customers, high rise building systems, three phase lines, single phase lines, SWER systems, spur, parallel and ring systems, typical substation types. Transmission system layouts - lines, buses, transformers and cables, line/bus layouts including single, double, ring and breaker and half systems, HV crossing methods. T12 Circuit breaker auxiliary systems encompassing: Types and characteristics of high pressure air systems including air storage and air handling processes Types and characteristics of DC systems including battery types, charging systems, protection systems Types and characteristics of special ambient gases (SF6) systems including gas conditioning, storage and handling systems Types and characteristics of vacuum interrupters Types and characteristics of oil filled and oil handling T13 DC transmission systems encompassing: Structure of DC transmission systems Types of equipment required for DC transmission systems Types of connections used for DC transmission systems Principles of control of DC transmission systems Advantages of DC transmission in comparison to AC transmission Disadvantages of DC transmission in comparison to AC transmission T14 AC transmission line electrical parameters encompassing: Typical arrangements Parameters of significance Calculation of line parameters - Calculation of resistive, inductive and capacitive values assuming regular transposition and solid conductors Comparison with actual values Typical parameter values and ratios for different voltage level lines. T15 AC transmission line models encompassing: Types of transmission line models based on line length Calculation of voltage drop, line regulation, and transmission efficiency Load sharing between lines. T16 Voltage control techniques encompassing: Conditions leading to voltage collapse Effects on system of high and low voltage Voltage control devices - voltage regulators applied to generators and synchronous phase modifiers, electromagnetic voltage regulators, series and parallel capacitors, OLTC transformers and static VAR compensators (SVC’s). SVC’s includes saturated reactor compensators; thyristor controlled reactor compensators and combined systems Production of harmonics and methods of harmonic control Location of voltage control devices within the system T17 Voltage control devices encompassing: Typical devices applications and capacities Estimation of rating of VAR regulating devices using graphical techniques T18 System components and layouts encompassing: Distribution system layouts - overhead/underground, urban/rural, HV customers, high rise building systems, three phase lines, single phase lines, SWER systems, spur, parallel and ring systems, typical substation types. Transmission system layouts - lines, buses, transformers and cables, line/bus layouts including single, double, ring and breaker and half systems, HV crossing methods. T19 Corona encompassing: Factors leading to the generation of corona - voltage levels, conductor spacings, conductor sizes and shaping, atmospheric conditions Consequences of corona Corona reduction - conductor selection, conductor bundling, conductor surface treatment, grading rings Internal discharge - causes of internal discharge, effects of internal discharge, testing techniques T20 Protection system types encompassing: Requirements of a protection scheme - relationship to primary system design, purpose of protection, safety of persons, protection of plant, system instability, system break up, loss of customers, loss of revenue, protection zones, restricted schemes, unrestricted schemes, duplicate protection, local backup protection, remote backup protection, selectivity, discrimination, stability, sensitivity, reliability Components of a protection scheme - current transformers, potential transformers, summation current transformers, interposing transformers, multi tapped transformers, all-or-nothing relays, induction relays, balanced beam relays, directional relays, biased relays, solid state relays, microprocessor based relays, gas relays, thermal sensors, hardwired communication, powerline carriers systems, microwave systems, fibre optic systems, need for isolation, need for interfacing Protection applied to buses - overload, differential, earth leakage, structure leakage, combined schemes, protection overlap Protection applied to transformers - biased differential, gas, winding temperature, oil temperature Protection applied to single/radial lines - overcurrent, earth leakage, slow earth leakage, distance, auto reclose, sectionalising, over voltage Protection applied to interconnected lines - overcurrent, pilot wire, directional, directional overcurrent, current differential, phase comparison, current comparison, distance, impedance, admittance, offset. |