8) Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills (EKAS): This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit. Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of developing and evaluating transmission switching programs. All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies. KS01-TSO38A Power systems transmission switching programs Evidence shall show an understanding of power systems transmission switching programs to an extent indicated by the following aspects: Develop and evaluate T1 Transmission, distribution and rail systems encompassing: Relationship between the transmission, distribution and rail/tram system within an overall power system - different organisations responsible for generation, transmission, distribution and rail/tram and, how they correlate and their functions Characteristics of a transmission, a distribution and a rail system - principal components, typical voltage levels and methods of transmission and distribution including grid type transmission systems, radial, parallel and ring main feeders Relationship between an overhead and underground supply systems within an overall power system - advantages/disadvantages, applications and the basic steps for planning and installing an overhead and underground distribution system Single line drawings and layouts - drawings and layouts of transmission and distribution systems including, radial, parallel and ring main feeders and the HV equipment associated with substations. T2 Substations and power transformers encompassing: Relationship between the substations within an overall power system - purpose, location in relation to load centres, layout of HV equipment within the substation and auxiliary equipment Characteristics of a power transformer - basic construction of distribution transformers, operation under load/no load conditions, types and basic operation of tap changing switches including solid state types, efficiency and cooling Auxiliary equipment used on transformers - function and basic operation Maintenance of a power transformer - basic connections, restrictions to parallel operation, problems and remedies associated with harmonics, testing and fault finding procedures Characteristics of a reactors - description and purpose T3 Co-ordinating access authority procedures encompassing: Specific enterprise processes, policies and procedures to be followed Processes of consultation, negotiation and co-ordination - clear and concise instructions and information, methods for the encouragement of feedback and contributions of information and ideas, responsibilities of members of the team. Techniques in analysing, planning, co-ordination and organising work for a safe outcome and according to statutory requirements and regulations Techniques in the effective utilisation of available resources Techniques in the development of an access authority/permit and/or access authority/permit issuing procedures Techniques in facilitating and co-ordinating the delivery and issuing of access authorities Techniques in gathering, collating and confirming data on different worksites - electrical network diagrams for the specific work site, earth access authorities, safe working area, work to be carried out in confined space or in hazardous environment, specific outsourcing procedures, specific hazard identification, risk classification and management procedures, regulatory requirements such as Occupational Health and Safety and electrical safety Techniques in the receiving and co-ordinating the cancellation of access authorities in readiness for restoration Methods of conducting audits on correct access authority procedures Process of issuing of other access authorities for work permits - working in confined space, if required, co-ordination of access authorities, engaging and briefing contractors on electrical and other work Issue and receipt of operating agreements. T4 Principles of Statutory and safety considerations encompassing: Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, standards, codes, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with working on High Voltage Particular reference to State and Territory regulations regarding - working near energised conductors, electrical access, heights, confined space, testing procedures, licensing rules. T5 High voltage switching principles encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to switching of high voltage to a given schedule Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings - types, characteristics and capabilities of electrical apparatus, use, characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and testing equipment, network interconnectors source of possible backfeed Role of the HV switching operator Operational forms, access authorities and permits associated with HV switching - types of operational forms, access authorities and permits, purpose and procedure for operational forms, access authorities and permits. Use and operation of equipment associated with HV overhead and substation equipment - test instruments, sticks, interrupters, arc stranglers. Types and categories of HV switchgear Application, function and operating capabilities of switchgear Restrictions pertaining to HV switching equipment Procedures for the isolation of HV transmission main and working earths Earthing HV electrical apparatus practices and procedures for access - purposes of “Operational” and additional work part “on-site” earths, factors determining the location and effectiveness of “Operational” earthing, acceptable industry procedures, personal protective equipment, high voltage switching techniques. Operate switching apparatus - identifying hazards, assessing and controlling risks associated with HV switchgear operation, systematic and defensive techniques, mobile radio procedures, double isolation procedures. T6 HV system switching principles including switching authorisation procedures to an extent indicated by the following aspects: Legislation, Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to system switching Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Types and characteristics of HV systems and equipment to be switched Procedures for obtaining correct HV switching authorisation - identification of OHS hazards, assessing and controlling risks, Safety procedures and precautions, safe approach distances responsibilities and protocols, identifying switching resources, procedures for obtaining electrical access permits authorities, Requirements for team switching, procedures for coordination of operations. Techniques in HV system switching - pre-switching checks, switching operational procedures, isolation procedures and proving dead de-energised, earthing procedures, switching operational procedures, emergency fault procedures, energisation procedures T7 HV overhead and substation switching principles encompassing: Legislation, Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to HV overhead and substation switching Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings - types, characteristics and capabilities of HV electrical equipment to be switched, use, characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and testing equipment. Role and responsibilities of the HV switching operator Operational forms, access authorities and permits hazard/risk assessments associated with HV switching - types of operational forms, access authorities and permits hazard/risk assessments, purpose and procedure for operational forms, access authorities and hazard/risk assessments. Use and operation of equipment associated with HV overhead and substation equipment - test instruments, sticks, interrupters, arc stranglers. HV switchgear – types, categories, application, operating capabilities. Operation of HV overhead switching or indicating devices - fuses; disconnect fuses; load switching; live line indicators; capacitors; reclosers; sectionalisers, underslung links, airbreaks; switches, disconnects; live line clamps; phasing sticks; phasing tester Operation of protection systems and substation equipment - fault levels and settings; types and applications; protection systems and substation equipment fault levels and settings; types and applications. Restrictions pertaining to HV switching equipment Procedures for the isolation of HV mains and working earths - earthing HV electrical apparatus practices and procedures for access authority issuing; HV switching techniques. Operate switching apparatus - identifying hazards, assessing and controlling risks associated with HV switchgear operation, systematic and defensive techniques, mobile radio procedures, double isolation procedures. T8 Preparation of a HV switching instruction schedule encompassing: Legislation, Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to switching instruction schedules Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings - types, characteristics and capabilities of HV electrical equipment to be switched, points of isolation and earthing locations (safety and working earths), responsibilities of the switching operator. Techniques in writing switching instructions - sequence of switching operations, isolation procedures, earthing procedures, switching completion notification procedures. T9 Enterprise specific — policy and procedure instructions encompassing: Responsibilities and duty of care of employer and employee relationship Methods of obtaining the up-to-date information on enterprise policy and procedures Rules and regulations Induction into workplace - location of work area and storage area, timetable, uniform, personal well-being, housekeeping rules, emergency procedures, evacuation procedures Techniques when deal with others - working in teams, customer relation, complaint and issues procedures. Overview of enterprise professional development - fire fighting procedures, fatigue management, training and competency development - understanding and promotion T10 Enterprises specific — OHS instructions encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and specific enterprise regulations pertaining to the OHS policies and procedures Methods of obtaining the up-to-date information on enterprise OHS policy and procedures Specific enterprise personal protection equipment - type and application, where and when to be used, method of replacement, responsibility of maintenance including cleaning inspection and testing, emergency response, rescue, evacuation and First Aid procedures Personal well-being – hygiene, fatigue/stress management, drugs/alcohol OHS training - induction training, specific hazard training, specific task or equipment training, emergency and evacuation training, training as part of broader programs such as equipment operation OHS records including audits, inspection reports, workplace health and environmental monitoring records, training and instruction records, manufacturers and suppliers information such as MSDSs, registers, maintenance reports, workers compensation and rehabilitation records and First Aid/medical records T11 Substation switching practices encompassing: Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to substation switching Requirements for the use of manuals, substation diagrams/plans and drawings Types, characteristics and capabilities of HV substation equipment to be switched Procedures for obtaining correct HV switching authorization - identification of hazards and controlling risks, safety procedures and precautions, responsibilities and protocols, identifying switching resources, Techniques in HV substation switching - isolation procedures and proving dead, earthing procedures, pre-switching checks, switching operational procedures, emergency fault procedures, commissioning procedures Use, care and operation of equipment associated with HV substation equipment - test instruments, sticks, HV switchgear – types, categories, application, operating capabilities Basic Operation of protection systems Restrictions pertaining to HV substation switching equipment Restrictions pertaining to Enterprise Specific procedures T12 Transient overvoltages encompassing: Causes and effects of transient overvoltages - switching transients and lightning transients, effects on plant items Control techniques and systems - diverters, shield wires and CB arc control Insulation systems - insulation coordination and insulation grading. T13 Commissioning procedures associated with relevant equipment encompassing: Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the commissioning procedures Requirements for the use of commissioning manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Techniques in commissioning procedures – planning, policy, testing techniques, close out requirements. T14 EHV generator control systems encompassing: Legislation, Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements pertaining to the operation of a portable generator Safety precautions specific to the synchronisation of generator sets - safe working policies, practices and procedures, synchronising procedures Techniques in the installation of generator sets control systems - the synchronising of generator control systems onto and off the network without interruption to supply, estimation of EHV load, assessing the appropriateness of the generator Operating a generator in parallel to a single EHV job - overhead systems, indoor systems, customer installations, kiosk substations EHV generator set and control system to EHV Distribution assets. T15 Different types and function of transmission components encompassing: Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority regulations Standards, codes, and or enterprise requirements applicable to the use and application of transmission components Requirements for the use of transmission line construction manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings Types, function and characteristics of transmission components Safety policies and procedures precautions related to the handling and installing transmission components T16 EHV system load calculation principles encompassing: Structure of EHV transmission systems Ratings of EHV system components Relationship to EHV customers Relationship to generation sources Methods of determining load on EHV systems Records of load on EHV systems Effect of added load on EHV transmission systems - variation of current, voltage, power, reactive power and power factor Load flows in parallel or loop operation Enterprise specific network coordination tools |