9) This provides essential advice for assessment of the unit of competency and must be read in conjunction with the Performance Criteria and the Range Statement of the unit of competency and the Training Package Assessment Guidelines.

The Evidence Guide forms an integral part of this Competency Standard Unit and shall be used in conjunction with all component parts of this unit and, performed in accordance with the Assessment Guidelines of this Training Package.

Overview of Assessment

9.1)

Longitudinal competency development approaches to assessment, such as Profiling, require data to be reliably gathered in a form that can be consistently interpreted over time. This approach is best utilised in Apprenticeship programs and reduces assessment intervention. It is the Industry’s preferred model for apprenticeships. However, where summative (or final) assessment is used it is to include the application of the competency in the normal work environment or, at a minimum, the application of the competency in a realistically simulated work environment. It is recognised that, in some circumstances, assessment in part or full can occur outside the workplace. However, it must be in accord with Industry and, Regulatory policy in this regard.

Methods chosen for a particular assessment will be influenced by various factors. These include the extent of the assessment, the most effective locations for the assessment activities to take place, access to physical resources, additional safety measures that may be required and the critical nature of the competencies being assessed.

The critical safety nature of working with electricity, electrical equipment, gas or any other hazardous substance/material carries risk in deeming a person competent. Hence, sources of evidence need to be ‘rich’ in nature so as to minimise error in judgment.

Activities associated with normal every day work have a bearing on the decision as to how much and how detailed the data gathered will contribute to its ‘richness’. Some skills are more critical to safety and operational requirements while the same skills may be more or less frequently practiced. These points are raised for the assessors to consider when choosing an assessment method and developing assessment instruments. Sample assessment instruments are included for Assessors in the Assessment Guidelines of this Training Package.

Critical aspects of evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

9.2)

Before the critical aspects of evidence are considered all prerequisites shall be met.

Evidence for competence in this unit shall be considered holistically. Each element and associated Performance Criteria shall be demonstrated on at least two occasions in accordance with the “Assessment Guidelines – UET12”. Evidence shall also comprise:

A representative body of Performance Criteria demonstrated within the timeframes typically expected of the discipline, work function and industrial environment. In particular this shall incorporate evidence that shows a candidate is able to:

Implement Occupational Health and Safety workplace procedures and practices including the use of risk control measures as specified in the Performance Criteria and range; and

Apply sustainable energy principles and practices as specified in the Performance Criteria and range; and

Demonstrate an understanding of the essential knowledge and associated skills as described in this unit to such an extent that the learner’s performance outcome is reported in accordance with the preferred approach; namely a percentile graded result, where required by the regulated environment; and

Demonstrate an appropriate level of employability skills; and

Conduct work observing the relevant Anti discrimination legislation, regulations, policies and workplace procedures; and

Demonstrated performance across a representative range of contexts from the prescribed items below:

Range of tools/equipment/materials/procedures/workplaces/other variables

Group No

The minimum number of items on which skill is to be demonstrated

Item List

A

Demonstrate five (5) times each of the following activities:

Isolate protection, control and alarms associated with interdependent protection and control schemes. Five of the protection groups as stated in the Range Statement of this unit must be included.

Calibrate interdependent protection and control relays from at least 5 of the protection groups as stated in the Range Statement of this unit;

Carry out function tests (trips, alarms etc.) on interdependent protection and control schemes. Five of the protection groups as stated in the Range Statement of this unit must be included.

Write reports on performance of interdependent protection and control schemes. Five of the protection groups as stated in the Range Statement of this unit must be included

Isolate ‘in service’ current transformers

B

At least one occasion

Dealing with an unplanned event by drawing on essential knowledge and associated skills to provide appropriate solutions incorporated in the holistic assessment with the above listed items.

Context of and specific resources for assessment

9.3)

This unit should be assessed as it relates to normal work practice using procedures, information and resources typical of a workplace. This should include:

OHS policy and work procedures and instructions.

Suitable work environment, facilities, equipment and materials to undertake actual maintenance of network protection and control systems (interdependent).

Operational access to relevant plant, protection equipment, scheme drawings and specialised testing equipment

In addition to the resources listed above, in Context of and specific resources for assessment, evidence should show demonstrated competency working at realistic heights above ground i.e. above 3 metres, in limited spaces, with different structural/construction types and method and in a variety of environments.

Method of assessment

9.4)

This Competency Standard Unit shall be assessed by methods given in Volume 1, Part 3 “Assessment Guidelines”.

Note:

Competent performance with inherent safe working practices is expected in the Transmission, Distribution and Rail Traction Industry. This requires that the specified essential knowledge and associated skills are assessed in a structured environment which is primarily intended for learning/assessment and incorporates all necessary equipment and facilities for learners to develop and demonstrate the essential knowledge and associated skills described in this unit.

Concurrent assessment and relationship with other units

9.5)

There are no concurrent assessment recommendations for this unit.

8) Essential Knowledge and Associated Skills (EKAS): This describes the essential skills and knowledge and their level, required for this unit.

Evidence shall show that knowledge has been acquired of maintaining network protection and control systems (interdependent).

All knowledge and skills detailed in this unit should be contextualised to current industry practices and technologies.

KS01-TTS21A Interdependent network protection and control systems

Evidence shall show an understanding of the interdependent network protection and control systems to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1 Principles of Statutory and safety considerations encompassing:

Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, standards, codes, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with working on High Voltage

Particular reference to State and Territory regulations regarding - working near energised conductors, electrical access, heights, confined space, testing procedures, licensing rules.

T2 Electrical equipment associated with protection and control schemes encompassing:

Types and applications of electrical equipment – characteristics, capabilities (schemes: overcurrent, frame leakage, cooling, buchholz, DC supplies, restricted earth, sensitive earth fault, CB fail, reclose, DC frame leakage, CEL Fail, under frequency load shed and earth fault)

T3 Principles of isolation and tagging procedures associated with protection testing encompassing:

Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the installation, maintenance, isolation and tagging procedures

Requirements for the use of, isolation and tagging, manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings

Techniques in documenting isolations

Techniques in appropriate isolation and tagging procedures as per Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and enterprise standards

Techniques in the installation and maintenance procedures protection devices as per Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and enterprise standards

T4 Maintenance and commissioning procedures associated with discrete protection schemes encompassing:

Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the maintenance and commissioning procedures

Requirements for the use of maintenance and commissioning manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings

Techniques in maintenance and commissioning procedures – planning, policy, testing techniques

Close out requirements

T5 Relay manufacturer specifications encompassing:

Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the use and application of relay manufacturer specifications

Requirements for the use of relay manufacturer manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings

Types, function and characteristics of specific relays - differences between specific relays used for the same functionality

T6 Safe handling and/or disposing of insulation materials used in power distribution devices, which are potential environmental pollutants encompassing:

Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the handling and disposing of insulation or heat dissipation materials used in power distribution devices

Identification of environmental issues associated with the handling and disposing of insulation materials

Safety precautions when handling and disposing of heat dissipation materials - safe working practices, Occupational Health and Safety hazards and precautions, identification of hazards, assessing and controlling risks, types, selection, maintenance and uses of personnel protective equipment, permit to work systems and isolation procedures, types and function of specialised equipment, safe working practices when using specialised equipment, emergency response and rescue including First Aid etc.

Techniques in the handling and disposing of insulation materials - Polychlorinated Bi-Phenyls (PCB’s), asbestos, insulating Oil, SF6 gas.

T7 Procedure to undertake a visual inspection of a scheme encompassing:

Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with visual inspection procedures of a scheme

Requirements for the use of manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings

Identify obvious deficiencies in operating to the standard functionality

Techniques in determining relay malfunction - targeting

Techniques in determining wiring defects

T8 Operation and maintenance procedures associated with discrete protection and control systems encompassing:

Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with operating procedures

Requirements for the use of operating manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings

Techniques - gas collection and analysis, bleeding and resetting, calibration, operational and sensitivity checks, trip and alarm checks

Surge relay types and uses, including transformer main tanks, diverter switch chambers

T9 Measurements and the interpretation and analysis of those measurements related to the plant and/or equipment type encompassing:

Type of measurements - timing, current, voltage, capacitance, inductance, impedance, phase angle, phase shift, resistance, dielectric dissipation factor, frequency, polarisation index, ratio, vector group, temperature

Interpretation and analysis the use of techniques - digital comparison of data, extrapolation, use of graphs and charts, statistics and tables, mathematical calculation of expected values and comparison with manufacturers data and measurements

Techniques in the processes involved in follow-up actions and recommendations resulting from analysis and interpretation of results and measurements.

T10 Infrared imaging principles encompassing:

Standards, codes, legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to Infrared Imaging

Requirements for the use of manuals, substation diagrams/plans and drawings

Types of enterprise specific computer software

Techniques in storing and retrieving data and reports from the computer

Use, characteristics and capabilities of specialised tools and equipment

Enterprise Specific Policies and Procedures for Infrared Imaging reporting

Techniques in evaluating serviceability of circuit breaker operation

Procedures for obtaining correct HV switchyard arrangements - identification of hazards and controlling risks, safety procedures and precautions, responsibilities and protocols, identifying switching resources

Safety precautions when testing and measuring equipment with Infrared Imaging - safe working practices and procedures, identification of hazards, assessment and control of OHS risks, types, selection, maintenance and use of personal protective equipment, responsibilities and protocols.

T11 Commissioning procedures associated with distribution protection and control systems encompassing:

Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the commissioning procedures

Requirements for the use of commissioning manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings

Techniques in commissioning procedures – planning, policy, testing techniques

Close out requirements

T12 Operation and maintenance procedures associated with voltage regulation schemes encompassing:

Standards, codes, Commonwealth/State/Territory legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements associated with the operating procedures

Requirements for the use of operating manuals, system diagrams/plans and drawings

Principles of operation and operating sequences - voltage control, VAR control, Live Bus/Dead Bus synchronising checks, tap changer principles, requirements for parallel operations, settings, grading

Techniques associated with - isolation requirements, enterprise maintenance requirements, setting checks, LV injections, electrical measurements

Ancillary equipment which may include transducers, Buswire schemes, tap position indicators, local/remote control systems, alarm systems

Voltage regulation scheme types which may include electro mechanical, micro-processor or combinations of both.

T13 Types and applications of test equipment encompassing:

Standards, codes, Commonwealth, State/Territory and local government legislation, supply authority regulations and or enterprise requirements applicable to the use and application of electrical and/or electronic test equipment

Types and applications of test equipment used on discrete protection scheme

Techniques in the use of test equipment - electronic test equipment (Doble, Ohmnicrome), gas injection equipment, manufactures test equipment, multimeters, phase angle meters, meggers.

T14 Electrical equipment associated with distribution field device protection and control schemes encompassing:

Types and applications of electrical equipment – characteristics, capabilities (schemes: automatic circuit reclosers (ACR’s), gas switches, secondary injection tests, primary injection tests, TMR Radio’s, SCADA, remote control, overcurrent, earth fault, sensitive earth fault, inverse time curves, definite time curves, tripping, reclose, DC supplies, AC supplies and alarms)

T15 Circuit breaker auxiliary systems encompassing:

Types and characteristics of high pressure air systems including air storage and air handling processes

Types and characteristics of DC systems including battery types, charging systems, protection systems

Types and characteristics of special ambient gases (SF6) systems including gas conditioning, storage and handling systems

Types and characteristics of vacuum interrupters

Types and characteristics of oil filled and oil handling

T16 Detailed operation and setting of discrete protection systems encompassing:

Earth fault protection - master earth leakage schemes, sensitive earth fault relays and schemes, residual earth fault scheme, core balance earth fault scheme, frame/structure earth leakage scheme, time graded discrimination, backup protection

Overcurrent protection - feeder overcurrent protection, instantaneous overcurrent schemes, inverse timed overcurrent schemes, types and location of components of an overcurrent scheme, CT summation, time graded discrimination, backup protection

Alarms and controls - auxiliary relays, voltage regulating relays, line drop compensation, gas relay types, gas relay scheme operation and setting, over temperature schemes

T17 Detailed operation of interdependent protection systems encompassing:

Overcurrent and earth leakage schemes including intertripping, interlocking and blocking - logic mapping, master control, electromechanical, electronic, shading coils

Pilot wire, phase comparison - opposed voltage schemes, circulating current schemes, location of components of a scheme, pilot supervisory techniques,

Load shedding, voltage control, parallel operation, load rejection

Busbar Protection and CB failure protection

Reclose systems - applications, single shot, multishot, blocking schemes, synchronisation checking.

T18 Procedures for the location and rectification of faults in electrical equipment up to 1000 volts AC and or 1500 volts DC, encompassing:

Relationship of Occupational Health and Safety to the location and rectification of faults in electrical equipment - Act and regulations, identification of personal safety, workplace hazards, working with electrically operated tools and equipment, emergency First Aid/resuscitation, rescue from a live electrical situation, enterprise policies and procedures.

Types of drawings - differentiation between symptoms, faults and causes in malfunctioning equipment, fault-finding techniques and procedures

Fundamental electrical concepts - effects of current, practical resistors, sources of EMF, series, parallel and series-parallel circuits, electrical measurement, capacitors, inductors, magnetism.

Fundamentals of general appliances - basic principles of appliances (non mathematical), appliance identification, appliance ratings, basic principles of operation of control equipment and protection devices, fault conditions and symptoms, safe isolation procedures, test equipment, safe testing procedures, including continuity, fault types in appliances, fault-finding procedures (prescriptive)

Fundamentals of single phase induction motors - basic principles of operation (non mathematical), motor identification, motor ratings, basic principles of operation of control equipment and protection devices, fault conditions and symptoms, safe isolation procedures, test equipment, safe testing procedure, including continuity, fault types in “phase splitting” and universal type motors, fault-finding procedures (prescriptive).

Fundamentals of three phase induction motors - basic principles of operation (non mathematical), motor identification, motor ratings, motor starter principles, basic principles of operation of control equipment and protection devices, fault conditions and symptoms, safe isolation procedures, safe testing procedure, fault-finding procedures (prescriptive)

Fundamentals of single and three phase electrical heaters - basic principles of operation, types of electrical heaters, electrical heater identification, electrical heater ratings, basic principles of operation of control and protection devices, fault conditions and symptoms, safe testing procedure, fault-finding procedures (prescriptive).

T19 Disconnection and reconnection procedures for fixed wiring electrical equipment up to 1000 volts AC and or 1500 volts DC, encompassing:

Safe electrical work practices and procedures according to standards such as AS/NZ 4836:2001 or equivalent

Safe use of tools and plant

Safe use of ladders and elevated work platforms

Safe use of protective clothing

Hazards in the (electrical) work environment - shock hazards, fire hazards, chemical hazards, other hazardous areas

Special situations

Procedures for dealing with fires associated with electrical equipment

Procedures for dealing with PCBs

Electric shock victim rescue methods and procedures - basic First Aid treatment for shock, burns and bleeding.

Purpose of each procedure and application - expired air resuscitation (EAR), external cardiac-compression (ECC), cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), combined application of EAR and ECC (purpose of each procedure and application).

Components of a basic electrical circuit(s) – source, control, protection, load

Types of circuit diagrams – symbols, conventions, interpretations, free sketches

Types of circuit connections and functions - open circuit, closed circuit, short circuit

Techniques in basic electrical measurement - use of multimeters; use of ammeter; use of voltage measuring and indicating devices; testing of measuring instruments; care of measuring instruments; voltage, current and resistance measurement; estimating values of voltage, current and resistance; using ohms law

Fundamental principles of electrical concepts - effects of current; practical resistors; sources of EMF; simple practical circuit; series, parallel and series-parallel circuits; electrical measurement; capacitors; inductors; magnetism

Techniques in insulation resistance measurement and requirements

Earthing principles and systems.

T20 Disconnection and reconnection procedures for fixed wiring electrical equipment up to 1000 volts AC and or 1500 volts DC, encompassing:

Methods for testing insulation resistance - continuity of prospective earthing conductor, continuity between exposed conductive parts and the earthing system

Methods of recognising acceptable test results for compliance with safety requirements

Methods of recognising unacceptable test results and require an appropriate qualified person to further investigation

Cable types and conductor termination methods and techniques - conductors solid, stranded and flexible, colour codes

Single and three phase systems and loads - number of active and live conductors required, line and phase voltage, typical loads

Identification and rating of general appliances

Single phase induction motors - motor identification, motor ratings, direction of rotation

Three phase induction motors - motor identification, motor ratings, direction of rotation

Single and three phase heaters - types of heaters, heater identification, heater ratings

Electrical distribution arrangement - power systems within premises, purpose of switchboards/distribution boards (residual current devices and ELCBs)

Circuit isolation and protection devices

Isolation procedures - work clearance, testing for voltage, lock-off and tagging, techniques in isolation and tagging, regulation, codes of practice and procedures

Disconnection procedures, practices and requirements

Types of replacement equipment

Methods of ensuring equipment is safe to connect to supply

Methods of reconnection procedures, practices and requirements

Methods of return equipment to service

T21 Effects of harmonics encompassing:

Characteristics and effects of harmonics on protection device functions/malfunction

Effects of harmonics on transformers, generators, motors, quality of supply.

10) This relates to the unit of competency as a whole providing the range of contexts and conditions to which the Performance Criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect performance.

This Competency Standard Unit shall be demonstrated in relation to the maintenance of network protection and control systems (interdependent) and may include the following:

Overcurrent, Frame leakage, Cooling, Buchholz, DC Supplies, Restricted Earth, Sensitive Earth Fault, CB Fail, Reclose, DC Frame leakage, CEL Fail, Under Frequency load shed

Instrument Transformers, Trip/Control circuits, Alarms, DC Supplies, CB Fail protection, Master controlled Earth Fault, Intertripping, Blocking, Synchronising, Pilot Wire, Phase Comparison, Load Shedding, Voltage control, parallel operation, load rejection, circuit isolations and restorations, mechanical adjustments, calibration, function tests, reporting, signals, thermals, contraphase, backup, reverse current

The following constants and variables included in the element/Performance Criteria in this unit are fully described in the Definitions Section 1 of this volume and form an integral part of the Range Statement of this unit:

Appropriate and relevant persons (see Personnel)

Appropriate authorities

Appropriate work platform

Assessing risk

Assessment

Authorisation

Confined space

Diagnostic, testing and restoration

Documenting detail work events, record keeping and or storage of information

Drawings and specifications

Emergency

Environmental and sustainable energy procedures

Environmental legislation

Environmental management documentation

Established procedures

Fall prevention

Hazards

Identifying hazards

Inspect

Legislation

MSDS

Notification

OHS practices

OHS issues

Permits and/or permits to work

Personnel

Quality assurance systems.

Requirements

Testing procedures

Work clearance systems